Singularity-free cosmological solutions with non-rotating perfect fluids

A conjecture stated by Raychaudhuri which claims that the only physical perfect fluid non-rotating non-singular cosmological models are comprised in the Ruiz–Senovilla and Fernández–Jambrina families is shown to be incorrect. An explicit counterexample is provided and the failure of the argument leading to the result is explicitly pointed out.     

Spin Hall current driven by quantum interferences in mesoscopic Rashba rings

We propose an all-electrical nanostructure where pure spin current is induced in the transverse voltage probes attached to a quantum-coherent ballistic one-dimensional ring when unpolarized charge current is injected through its longitudinal leads. Tuning of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a semiconductor heterostructure hosting the ring generates quasiperiodic oscillations of the predicted spin-Hall current due to spin-sensitive quantum-interference effects caused by the difference in the Aharonov-Casher phase accumulated by opposite spin states. Its amplitude is comparable to that of the spin-Hall current predicted for finite-size (simply connected) two-dimensional electron gases, while it gets reduced gradually in wide two-dimensional rings or due to spin-independent disorder.     

Solid State Reactions of Hemin with Basic Substances: Formation of bis and Mixed Complexes

The solid state reactions of hemin with KCN, Na₂SxH₂O, arginine, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, benzimidazole, and mixtures of these basic reagents were monitored using IR, Mössbauer, and XRD techniques. All these basic substances react at the peripheral propionic acid group of hemin-forming salts. Binary mixtures of KCN, arginine, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, and benzimidazole were found to form complexes with mixed ligands at the iron site of hemin. According to the structural information obtained for these mixed complexes, mechanisms for their formation are proposed. The solid state synthesis and the properties of the obtained products reveal the specifities of the involved ligands.     

On the 𝔉‐hypercentre of a finite group

The main objective of this paper is to study and describe the hypercentre of a finite group associated with saturated formations, in terms of some subgroup embedding properties related to permutability. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Multiresolution schemes for conservation laws

Summary. In recent years a variety of high–order schemes for the numerical solution of conservation laws has been developed. In general, these numerical methods involve expensive flux evaluations in order to resolve discontinuities accurately. But in large parts of the flow domain the solution is smooth. Hence in these regions an unexpensive finite difference scheme suffices. In order to reduce the number of expensive flux evaluations we employ a multiresolution strategy which is similar in spirit to an approach that has been proposed by A. Harten several years ago. Concrete ingredients of this methodology have been described so far essentially for problems in a single space dimension. In order to realize such concepts for problems with several spatial dimensions and boundary fitted meshes essential deviations from previous investigations appear to be necessary though. This concerns handling the more complex interrelations of fluxes across cell interfaces, the derivation of appropriate evolution equations for multiscale representations of cell averages, stability and convergence, quantifying the compression effects by suitable adapted multiscale transformations and last but not least laying grounds for ultimately avoiding the storage of data corresponding to a full global mesh for the highest level of resolution. The objective of this paper is to develop such ingredients for any spatial dimension and block structured meshes obtained as parametric images of Cartesian grids. We conclude with some numerical results for the two–dimensional Euler equations modeling hypersonic flow around a blunt body. Received June 24, 1998 / Revised version received February 21, 2000 / Published online November 8, 2000     

On the Statistical Mechanics and Surface Tensions of Binary Mixtures

Within a lattice model describing a binary mixture with fixed concentrations of the species we discuss the relationship between the surface tension of the mixture and the concentrations.     

A blue luminescent binuclear cadmium-orotate coordination polymer: synthesis,crystal structure,and thermogravimetric analysis

Assembly of orotic acid (H₃Or, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic) and Cd(NO₃)·6H₂O yielded a coordination polymer, [(Cd(Hor)·2.5H₂O)₂]_n (1), which has been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, TGA, and ?uorescence spectra. Single-crystal X-ray structural analyses reveal that 1 is a hydrogen-bonded binuclear Cd-orotate coordination polymer in which both Cd²⁺ ions have different coordination environments with identical distorted octahedral geometry. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, a = 7.0209(10) Å, b = 13.974(2) Å, c = 17.541(3) Å, β = 98.842(2)°, V = 1700.5(4) Å, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0269, wR2 = 0.0612, θ_max = 25.960. The emission spectrum of the Cd-complex recorded with 265 nm excitation wavelength reveals the complex has strong blue luminescence with the peak maximum 420 nm (2.95 eV) as a result of the n–π* and π–π* transitions on the H₃Or ligand.     

Reaction pathway and phase transitions in Al–Ti–Si system during differential thermal analysis

The present paper mainly studied the phase formation and reaction pathway of the Al–Ti–Si system in detail by thermal analysis combined with XRD and SEM observations. The phase formation sequence in Al–Ti–Si system from starting mixtures to final products with increasing temperature can be described as following: Al_(l) + Ti_(s) + Si_(s) → (Al–Si)_(l) + Ti_(s) + Si_(s) → Ti(Al,Si)_3(s) + Si_(s)Ti₅(Si,Al)₃ + Al_(l). More importantly, the solubility of Si in Ti(Al,Si)₃ decreased gradually while that of Al in Ti₅(Si,Al)₃ increased with temperature increasing, suggesting the transportation of Si atoms from intermediate aluminides Ti(Al,Si)₃ to final stable silicides Ti₅(Si,Al)₃ and hence further confirming the formation of Ti₅(Si,Al)₃ at the expense of Ti(Al,Si)₃.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a series of optically active quaternary ammonium salts derived from phenylalanine

We synthesized nine quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATs) starting from phenylalanine, N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromides, which were prepared as optically pure substances. Five compounds were prepared as S-enantiomers and four compounds as R-enantiomers. These compounds were evaluated by their activities against bacteria and fungi. Three microbial strains were used in the study: the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the fungi Candida albicans. The activities were expressed as minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentrations (MBC). The most active compounds were (2S)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide and (2R)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide, with MBC values exceeding those of commercial benzalkoniumbromide (BAB) used as standard. The relationships between structure and biological activity of the tested QUATs were quantified by the bilinear model (QSAR) and are discussed.