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Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Glycosyl‐Substituted Dicarboxylates as Detergents for the Extraction,Overstabilization, and Crystallization of Membrane Proteins

To tackle the problems associated with membrane protein (MP) instability in detergent solutions, we designed a series of glycosyl‐substituted dicarboxylate detergents (DCODs) in which we optimized the polar head to clamp the membrane domain by including, on one side, two carboxyl groups that form salt bridges with basic residues abundant at the membrane–cytoplasm interface of MPs and, on the other side, a sugar to form hydrogen bonds. Upon extraction, the DCODs 8 b , 8 c , and 9 b preserved the ATPase function of BmrA, an ATP‐binding cassette pump, much more efficiently than reference or recently designed detergents. The DCODs 8 a , 8 b , 8 f , 9 a , and 9 b induced thermal shifts of 20 to 29 °C for BmrA and of 13 to 21 °C for the native version of the G‐protein‐coupled adenosine receptor A_2AR. Compounds 8 f and 8 g improved the diffraction resolution of BmrA crystals from 6 to 4 Å. DCODs are therefore considered to be promising and powerful tools for the structural biology of MPs.     

A Review of Cellulose and Cellulose Blends for Preparation of Bio-derived and Conventional Membranes,Nanostructured Thin Films,and Composites

Cellulose has been used as a raw material for the manufacture of membranes and fibers for many years. This review gives the background of the most recent methods of treating or dissolving cellulose, and its derivatives to form polymer films or membranes for a variety of applications. Indeed, some potential applications of bacterial cellulose, nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) for films showing enhanced barrier characteristics are reviewed as well as the utilization of cellulose nanonocrystals (CNC) for production of highly oriented super strong films or thin films is discussed. Because of the success of the Lyocell process as well as the amine/metal thiocyanate solvent blends of cellulose and other polysaccharides like starch, chitosan, and other natural polymers. Consequently, the use of cellulose (or its derivatives) and another polysaccharide dissolved as a blend is also elaborated. It is our hope that the reader will want to follow up and investigate these new systems and use them to develop end use materials for all sorts of applications, from medical to water filtration, or electrogels for use in batteries.