Tungsten oxo salicylate complexes from tungsten hexachloride reactions systems

Tungsten hexachloride is a potent halogen-transfer agent, capable of reacting directly with salicylic acid to generate a tungsten oxo fragment and salicoyl chloride. As a result, oxo complexes dominate the chemistry of tungsten(VI) salicylates. Both mono- and disalicylate substituted tungsten oxo complexes are accessible. The Br?nsted free acid W(=O)Cl(Hsal)(sal) complex is a sparingly soluble, presumably polymeric material that can be dissolved in THF. The THF adduct has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, although an X-ray crystallographic study indicates that the product cocrystallizes with a structurally analogous d(1) WCl(2)(Hsal.THF)(sal) byproduct. The remaining chloride ligand in W(=O)Cl(Hsal)(sal) is replaced by a bridging oxo unit when the reaction contains a significant excess of salicylic acid. The product "linear" oxo bridged ditungsten complex, [W(=O)(Hsal)(sal)](2)O, forms intramolecular hydrogen bonds, accounting for its high solubility in noncoordinating solvents. An X-ray study shows that the intramolecular Hsal.sal hydrogen bonding in this complex accommodates a more linear W-O-W arrangement than does a previously observed class of isostructural diolate derivatives. Tungsten oxo tetrachloride, formed in the initial reaction between salicylic acid and WCl(6), also reacts with the salicoyl chloride byproduct to generate tungsten salicoylate (OAr-2-COCl) complexes.     

Electron paramagnetic resonance and nanosecond fluorescence depolarization studies on creatine-phosphokinase interaction with myosin and its fragments.

Recent reports in the literature have indicated a physical association of creatine-phosphokinase (CPK) with the tail portion of the myosin molecule. The present paper describes further studies on the interaction of CPK with myosin and myosin fragments, using the techniques of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nanosecond fluorescence depolarization. From EPR work, spin-labeled CPK appears to interact with myosin, tail-less myosin (heavy meromyosin [HMM]), and myosin heads (subfragment-1 [S1]), the extent of interaction being proportional to the S1 content of myosin or its fragments. Spin-labeled CPK did not evidence interaction with the headless myosin "rods," with myosin tails (light meromyosin [LMM]), with S2 necks (which connect S1 to the rest of the myosin molecule), or with actin. When a fluorescent dye is directed to the essential epsilon-amino group of CPK, nanosecond fluorescence depolarization studies indicate a substantial interaction with myosin, HMM, and S1, but very little with F-actin. When the "fast-reacting" thiol of the S1 moiety or the "essential thiol" of CPK was labeled with either a fluorescent dye or a spin label, no interaction between CPK and myosin (or S1) was detected.     

Comment on "Optimum absorption and aperture parameters for realistic coupled volume spaces determined from computational analysis and subjective testing results" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 223-232 (2010)

A recent paper [D. T. Bradley and L. M. Wang, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 223-232 (2010)] has reported inconsistencies between the results of two different approaches for characterizing non-exponential decays in coupled-volume systems. This letter aims to expose the origin of these inconsistencies, which are due to a limitation in the methodology utilized for the analysis presented in the paper referenced above.     

Negative refraction

Light bends the wrong way in materials where both ε and μ are negative as was pointed out in 1968, but the absence of natural materials with this property led to neglect of the subject until 1999 when it was shown how to make artificial materials, metamaterials, with negative μ. The rapid advance of the subject since that date, both in theory and experiment, is reflected in the exponential growth of publications now at the 200 per year level and still growing. This interest is explained by the sudden availability of a qualitatively different class of electromagnetic materials combined with the quite startling properties which these materials appear to have; all of which provokes debate as each new facet of their behaviour is revealed. Experiment has been vital to resolution of controversy and has chiefly been in the microwave region of the spectrum though there is potential in the optical region currently being explored by several groups.     

Experimental investigations of the nuclear level density by using heavy ion reactions

The transition of the level density parameter a _off from the low excitation energy value a _off=A/8 MeV⁻¹ to the Fermi gas value a _FG ∼ A/15 MeV⁻¹ was discovered a few years ago studying particle spectra evaporated from hot compound systems of A∼ 160. A number of experiments have been recently performed to confirm the earlier findings and extend the investigation to other mass regions and to higher excitation energies. Furthermore, precision coincidence experiments have been done in the lead region in which evaporation residues are tagged by low energy gammarays. Those experiments open the possibility of a detailed study of the level densities in nuclei where the shell effects are important.