Elastocaloric effect associated with the martensitic transition in shape-memory alloys

The elastocaloric effect in the vicinity of the martensitic transition of a Cu-Zn-Al single crystal has been studied by inducing the transition by strain or stress measurements. While transition trajectories show significant differences, the entropy change associated with the whole transformation (DeltaS_(t)) is coincident in both kinds of experiments since entropy production is small compared to DeltaS_(t). The values agree with estimations based on the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The possibility of using these materials for mechanical refrigeration is also discussed.     

Search for isovector giant monopole resonances via the Pb(3He,tp) reaction

The (nat)Pb(3He,tp) reaction at E(3He) = 177 MeV was studied to identify 2Planck's over 2piomega isovector monopole strength in Bi isotopes. Monopole strength was found in the region -45相似文献   

Analogy between unconventional superconductivity and unconventional states of liquid crystals

An analogy is stressed between the order-parameter symmetries of the two-dimensional d-pairing wave superconductors and of liquid-crystal mesophases formed from achiral bent-shaped molecules. It leads to a definition of a class of liquid-crystal states which are the analogs of the unconventional superconducting states, and are characterized by a loss of discrete symmetry operations of the parent state.     

Creatine kinase B deficient neurons exhibit an increased fraction of motile mitochondria

Background  

Neurons require an elaborate system of intracellular transport to distribute cargo throughout axonal and dendritic projections. Active anterograde and retrograde transport of mitochondria serves in local energy distribution, but at the same time also requires input of ATP. Here we studied whether brain-type creatine kinase (CK-B), a key enzyme for high-energy phosphoryl transfer between ATP and CrP in brain, has an intermediary role in the reciprocal coordination between mitochondrial motility and energy distribution. Therefore, we analysed the impact of brain-type creatine kinase (CK-B) deficiency on transport activity and velocity of mitochondria in primary murine neurons and made a comparison to the fate of amyloid precursor protein (APP) cargo in these cells, using live cell imaging.     

Critical petermann K factor for intensity noise squeezing

We investigate the impact of the Petermann-excess-noise factor K>/=1 on the possibility of intensity noise squeezing of laser light below the standard quantum limit. Using an N-mode model, we show that squeezing is limited to a floor level of 2(K-1) times the shot noise limit. Thus, even a modest Petermann factor significantly impedes squeezing, which becomes impossible when K>/=1.5. This appears as a serious limitation for obtaining sub-shot-noise light from practical semiconductor lasers. We present experimental evidence for our theory.     

Formation of High‐Valent Iron–Oxo Species in Superoxide Reductase: Characterization by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

Superoxide reductase (SOR), a non‐heme mononuclear iron protein that is involved in superoxide detoxification in microorganisms, can be used as an unprecedented model to study the mechanisms of O₂ activation and of the formation of high‐valent iron–oxo species in metalloenzymes. By using resonance Raman spectroscopy, it was shown that the mutation of two residues in the second coordination sphere of the SOR iron active site, K₄₈ and I₁₁₈, led to the formation of a high‐valent iron–oxo species when the mutant proteins were reacted with H₂O₂. These data demonstrate that these residues in the second coordination sphere tightly control the evolution and the cleavage of the O? O bond of the ferric iron hydroperoxide intermediate that is formed in the SOR active site.