Characteristics investigation on heat transfer growth of sonochemically synthesized ZnO-DW based nanofluids inside square heat exchanger

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In recent decades, the growth of heat transfer using nanomaterials in the conventional base fluid has caught the attention of researchers...     

Transmission d'images et d'hologrammes par une nappe de fibres optiques au moyen d'un codage chromatique

A new method of addition of 2-D complex optical signals is proposed. The addition is performed by suitably matched spatial filtering. For that purpose the effect of compacting of periodic objects images is employed.     

Photophysical characterization of a highly conjugated bipyridyl-based dye synthesized by a unique two-step approach

In this article, we present a new and simple, yet efficient, two-step approach to synthesize 4,4'-bis(dibutylaminostyrylstyryl)-2,2'-bipyridine with high yield, as well as its linear and nonlinear optical characterizations in THF and toluene solutions. We show that its one- and two-photon absorption spectra are similar in both solvents. Nevertheless, the relaxation processes of this compound exhibit dependence on the solvent polarity. The one- and two-photon induced fluorescence signal of this molecule in solution reveals that its excited state is highly stabilized in THF solution rather than in toluene. Analysis of the fluorescence quantum yield, lifetime, and radiative and nonradiative decay rates are in agreement with Lippert's model for solute-solvent interactions. The optical measurements demonstrate that this dye is a promising candidate for multiphoton fluorescence imaging, optical limiting, and dye lasers.     

Resonant nonlinear absorption in Zn-phthalocyanines

In this work, we investigate the nonlinear absorption dynamics of Zn phthalocyanine in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We used single pulse and pulse train Z-scan techniques to determine the dynamics and absorption cross-sections of singlet and triplet states at 532 nm. The excited singlet state absorption cross-section was determined to be 3.2 times higher than the ground state one, giving rise to reverse saturable absorption. We also observed that reverse saturable absorption occurs from the triplet state, after its population by intersystem crossing, whose characteristic time was determined to be 8.9 ns. The triplet state absorption cross-section determined is 2.6 times higher than the ground state one. In addition, we used the white light continuum Z-scan to evaluate the singlet excited state spectrum from 450 to 710 nm. The results show two well-defined regions, one above 600 nm, where reverse saturable absorption is predominant. Below 600 nm, we detected a strong saturable absorption. A three-energy-level diagram was used to explain the experimental results, leading to the excited state absorption cross-section determination from 450 nm up to 710 nm.     

Electrochemical, EPR and computational results on [Fe2Cp2(CO)2]-based complexes with a bridging hydrocarbyl ligand

The dimetallacyclopentenone complexes [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)(μ−CO){μ−η¹:η³−C_αHC_β(R)C(O)}] (R = CH₂OH, 1a; R = CMe₂OH, 1b; R = Ph, 1c) were prepared by photolytic reaction of [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₄] with alkyne according to the literature procedure. The X-ray and the electrochemical characterization of 1c are presented. The μ-allenyl compound [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₂(μ−CO){μ−η¹:η²_α,β−C_αHC_βCMe₂][BF₄] ([2][BF₄]), obtained by reaction of 1b with HBF₄, underwent monoelectron reduction to give a radical species which was detected by EPR at room temperature. The EPR signal has been assigned to [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₂(μ−CO){μ−η¹:η²_α,β-C_αHC_βCMe₂}], [2]^•. The molecular structures of [2]⁺ and [2]^• were optimized by DFT calculations. The unpaired electron in [2]^• is localized mainly at the metal centers and, coherently, [2]^• does not undergo carbon-carbon dimerization, by contrast with what previously observed for the μ-vinyl radical complex [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₂(μ−CO){μ−η¹:η²-CHCH(Ph)}]^•, [3]^•. Electron spin density distributions similar to the one of [2]^• were found for the μ-allenyl radical complexes [Fe₂Cp₂(CO)₂(μ-CO){μ-η¹:η²_α,β-C_αHC_βC(R¹)(R²)}]^• (R¹ = R² = H, [4]^•; R¹ = H, R² = Ph, [5]^•; R¹ = R² = Ph, [6]^•).     

New ideas in neutrino detection

What is new in the field of neutrino detection? In addition to new projects probing both the low and high ends of the neutrino energy scale, an inexpensive, effective technique is being developed to allow tagging of antineutrinos in water Cherenkov (WC) detectors via the addition to water of a solute with a large neutron cross-section and energetic γ daughters. Gadolinium is an excellent candidate since in recent years it has become very inexpensive, now less than $8 per kilogram in the form of commercially available gadolinium trichloride. This non-toxic, non-reactive substance is highly soluble in water. Neutron capture on gadolinium yields an 8.0 MeV gamma cascade easily seen in detectors like Super-Kamiokande. The uses of GdCl₃ as a possible upgrade for the Super-Kamiokande detector — with a view toward improving its performance as an antineutrino detector for supernova neutrinos and reactor neutrinos — are discussed, as are the ongoing R&;D efforts which aim to make this dream a reality within the next two years.     

Analysis of aspartyl peptide degradation products by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A reversed-phase HPLC method for the analysis of degradation products of the model aspartyl tripeptides Phe-Asp-GlyNH2 and Gly-Asp-PheNH2 after incubation at pH 2 and 10 was developed. Most of the compounds could be separated with a gradient of acetonitrile in water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. Resolution of the isomeric pairs L-Phe-alpha-L-Asp-GlyNH2/L-Phe-beta-L-Asp-GlyNH2 and L-Phe-alpha-D-Asp-GlyOH/L-Phe-beta-D-Asp-GlyOH was achieved with a gradient of acetonitrile in phosphate buffer, pH 5.0. Under acidic conditions the major degradation pathway was cleavage of the peptide backbone amide bonds yielding dipeptides and amino acids, C-terminal deamidation as well as formation of succidinimyl peptides. At alkaline pH both deamidation of the C-terminal amide as well as isomerization and concomitant enantiomerization of Asp were observed. The peaks were identified both by reference substances and by online electrospray mass spectrometry. The results were compared to a previous developed capillary electrophoresis method. Diastereomeric pairs ofpeptides that could not be separated by capillary electrophoresis were resolved by HPLC while the separation of corresponding pairs of alpha- and beta-Asp peptides was not always achieved by HPLC in contrast to capillary electrophoresis illustrating that both techniques can be complimentary in peptide analysis.     

Ketene Thioacetals from α-Chloromercaptals

Excellent yields of ketene thioacetals are obtained from 2-(1-chloroalkyl)-1,3-dithiolanes or 2-(I-chloroalkyl)-1,3-dithianes.     

Adjustable robust counterpart of conic quadratic problems

This paper presents an approximate affinely adjustable robust counterpart for conic quadratic constraints. The theory is applied to obtain robust solutions to the problems of subway route design with implementation errors and a supply chain management with uncertain demands. Comparison of the adjustable solutions with the nominal and non-adjustable robust solutions shows that the adjustable (dynamic) robust solution maintains feasibility for all possible realizations, while being less conservative than the usual (static) robust counterpart solution.