Gamma-ray bursts from evaporating primordial black holes

It is believed that the detection of gamma-ray bursts from evaporating primordial black holes is highly improbable in the near future since the expected photon flux, consisting mainly of photons with energies ? GeV, is too low. Contrary to this point of view, we show that a large fraction of the black hole power at the final stage of evaporation (the last 10³ s) can be liberated as a burst of soft γ-ray emission of duration 10^?1–10³ s and luminosity 10²⁸–10³¹ erg/s in the energy range 0.1–1 MeV. According to our calculations of the black hole evaporation rate (within the Standard Model of elementary particles), when the black hole temperature exceeds approximately 10 GeV, the charged particle outflow from a black hole forms a well-defined plasma and can be described in the hydrodynamic approximation. In this case more than half of the rest energy of a black hole can be converted into soft gamma-rays due to the presence of the magnetic field with energy density comparable to that of charged particles. We consider various mechanisms leading to such transformation and estimate their efficiency. It is shown that, at least, some of the gamma-ray bursts detected by BATSE can be associated with evaporating black holes.     

Charge accumulation in dielectrics irradiated by protons

A phenomenological analysis of the electric charging of dielectrics irradiated by accelerated protons is performed. It is shown that the energy of the particles and their range in the material affect the accumulation of volume charge. The results of an experimental study of the charging of a number of dielectrics with different structures and properties are presented.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 75–80, May, 1987.     

Expanding sapphyrin: towards selective phosphate binding

The anion-templated syntheses and binding properties of novel macrocyclic oligopyrrole receptors in which pyrrole rings are linked through amide or imine bonds are described. The efficient synthesis was accomplished by anion-templated [1+1] Schiff-base condensation and acylation macrocyclization reactions. Free receptors and their host-guest complexes with hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, tetrabutylammonium chloride, and hydrogen sulfate were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Stability constants with different tetrabutylammonium salts of inorganic acids were determined by standard 1H NMR and UV/Vis titration techniques in [D6]DMSO/0.5% water solution. According to the titration data, receptors containing three pyrrole rings (10 and 12) exhibit high affinity (log Ka=5-7) for bifluoride, acetate, and dihydrogen phosphate, and interact weakly with chloride and hydrogen sulfate. The amido-bipyrrole receptors 11 and 13 with four pyrrole rings exhibit 10(4)- and 10(2)-fold selectivity for dihydrogen phosphate, respectively, as inferred from competitive titrations in the presence of tetrabutylammonium acetate.     

Structure Constant and Grain Size Determination by Ferromagnetic Resonance in Thin Magnetic Films

Russian Physics Journal - The paper shows that the structure constant and the average crystal grain size of anisotropic nanocrystalline magnetic film can be determined by analyzing the shape of the...     

Elastic properties of a magnetic fluid with an air cavity retained by levitation forces

The paper describes the process of an air cavity rising in a magnetic fluid filling a tube with a bottom, transport, and retention of the cavity by magnetic levitation forces. The elastic and dissipative properties of a vibratory system with an inertial element that is a column of a magnetic fluid over an air cavity are considered. The possibility of using a transported air cavity as a movable reflector for a sound wave is evaluated.     

Pro duction of Exotic Nuclei in Low-Energy Multi-Nucleon Transfer Reactions

Multinucleon transfer processes in low-energy heavy ion collisions open a new field of research in nuclear physics, namely, production and studying properties of heavy neutron rich nuclei. This not-yet-explored area of the nuclear map is extremely important for understanding the astrophysical nucleosynthesis and the origin of heavy elements. Beams of very heavy U-like ions are needed to produce new long-living isotopes of transfermium and superheavy elements located very close to the island of stability.The calculated cross sections are high enough to perform the experiments at available accelerators.Beams of medium-mass ions (such as 136Xe, 192Os, 198Pt) can be used for the production of neutron rich nuclei located along the neutron closed shell N = 126 (the last waiting point) having the largest impact on the astrophysical r-process. The Low-energy multinucleon transfer reactions is a very efficient tool also for the production and spectroscopic study of light exotic nuclei. The corresponding cross sections are 2 or 3 orders of magnitude larger as compared with high energy fragmentation reactions.     

Self-similar solutions of nonstationary equations of a plane laminar magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer

Self-similar solutions of nonstationary equations of the boundary layer in ordinary hydrodynamics are discussed in [1, 2]. In this paper self-similar solutions of nonstationary equations of a plane magnetohydrodynarnic boundary layer are sought. In this case, a transformation to curvilinear coordinates of a certain special form is employed. Its choice is determined by the requirements essential to reducing the equations of the boundary layer to a system of ordinary equations. H. Weyl's iterative method is used to solve the equations describing the flow over a plate suddenly set in motion.     

Model with uniquely deducible parameters for the combined analysis of two resonating vibrational states. Anharmonic resonances in molecules of asymmetric-gyroscope type

A model of an effective Hamiltonian with parameters that are uniquely deducible from the spectrum for the combined analysis of the rotational structure of two resonating vibrational states is proposed and validated. Anharmonic resonances in molecules of asymmetric-gyroscope type are considered.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 108–112, February, 1982.