Fast spin state initialization in a singly charged InAs-GaAs quantum dot by optical cooling

Quantum computation requires a continuous supply of rapidly initialized qubits for quantum error correction. Here, we demonstrate fast spin state initialization with near unity efficiency in a singly charged quantum dot by optically cooling an electron spin. The electron spin is successfully cooled from 5 to 0.06 K at a magnetic field of 0.88 T applied in Voigt geometry. The spin cooling rate is of order 10(9) s-1, which is set by the spontaneous decay rate of the excited state.     

Ordered InAs Quantum Dots with Controllable Periods Grown on Stripe-Patterned GaAs Substrates

GaAs （001） substrates are patterned by electron beam lithography and wet chemical etching to control the nucleation of lnAs quantum dots （QDs）. InAs dots are grown on the stripe-patterned substrates by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. A thick buffer layer is deposited on the strip pattern before the deposition of InAs. To enhance the surface diffusion length of the In atoms, InAs is deposited with low growth rate and low As pressure. The AFM images show that distinct one-dimensionally ordered InAs QDs with homogeneous size distribution are created, and the QDs preferentiMly nucleate along the trench. With the increasing amount of deposited InAs and the spacing of the trenches, a number of QDs are formed beside the trenches. The distribution of additional QDs is long-range ordered, always along the trenchs rather than across the spacing regions.     

Application of ultrasonic technique for extracting chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmodies Oliv. (E. ulmodies)

An ultrasonic method for the extraction of chlorogenic acid from fresh leaves of Eucommia ulmodies Oliv. was investigated and optimized. The influence of four extraction variables on extraction efficiency of chlorogenic acid was investigated. The optimum extraction conditions found were: 70% aqueous methanol; solvent: sample ratio=20:1 (v/w); extraction time 3 x 30 min. The recovery of chlorogenic acid was studied (HPLC) and the reproducibility of the extraction method was determined. The optimized ultrasonic extraction conditions were applied to extract chlorogenic acid from fresh leaves, fresh bark and dried bark of E. ulmodies and four traditional Chinese medicines. The application of sonication method was shown to be highly efficient in the extraction of chlorogenic acid from E. ulmodies and other Chinese medicines compared with classical methods.     

Theoretical and experimental studies on mesoscale flame propagation and extinction

Mesoscale flame propagation and extinction of premixed flames in channels are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Emphasis is placed on the effect of wall heat loss and the wall–flame interaction via heat recirculation. At first, an analytical solution of flame speed in mesoscale channels is obtained. The results showed that channel width, flow velocity, and wall thermal properties have dramatic effects on the flame propagation and lead to multiple flame regimes and extinction limits. With the decrease in channel width, there exist two distinct flame regimes, a fast burning regime and a slow burning regime. The existence of the new flame regime and its extended flammability limit render the classical quenching diameter inapplicable. Furthermore, the results showed that at optimum conditions of flow velocity and wall thermal properties, mesoscale flames can propagate faster than the adiabatic flame. Second, numerical simulation with detailed chemistry demonstrated the existence of multiple flame regimes. The results also showed that there is a non-linear dependence of the flame speed on equivalence ratio. Moreover, it is shown that the Nusselt number has a significant impact on this non-linear dependence. Finally, the non-linear dependence of flame speed on equivalence ratio for both flame regimes is measured using a C₃H₈–air mixture. The results are in good agreement with the theory and numerical simulation.     

线弹簧模型法在含表面裂纹球壳中的应用

本文应用线弹簧模型法,基于Sih.G.C.含二维裂纹球壳理论建立了含表面裂纹球壳的控制方程,采用数值方法选取位移试函数及合理地处理了对偶奇异积分方程使计算大为简化,通过电算实现了计算求解过程,从而获得了球壳表面裂纹前沿各点的应力强度因子之值。 最后将计算结果与考虑“膨胀效应”后的Ncwoun-Raju 解进行了比较,同时研究了曲率因素对表面裂纹线弹性断裂性态的影响。     

新型傅里叶变换光谱仪反射镜倾斜容限分析及实验

采用微机电系统微镜阵列和倾斜反射镜替代传统傅里叶变换光谱仪的动镜系统,提出一种基于微机电系统微镜阵列的新型傅里叶变换光谱仪.介绍了该光谱仪的工作原理,分析了倾斜反射镜倾斜角度的容限范围,并搭建了实验系统,进行了实验验证.理论推导表明:在近红外区域,反射镜倾角理论最大值为0.52°,光谱分辨率达到8 nm;在可见光区域,反射镜倾角理论最大值0.183°,光谱分辨率达到3 nm.选取可见光源488 nm激光器进行的实验验证结果表明:在倾角容限范围之内,光谱能准确还原;反之,光谱严重失真.最终,采用复色光源进一步实验验证了理论分析的正确性.     

高光谱图像降维的判别流形学习方法

本文提出了一种高光谱图像降维的判别流形学习方法.针对获取的大量遥感对地观测数据存在大量冗余信息的特点,引入改进的流形学习方法对高光谱遥感数据进行降维处理,以提高遥感图像自动分类的总体准确度.该方法充分利用遥感图像自动分类中训练样本的判别信息,将输入样本的类别信息加入到常规流形学习方法的框架中,从本质上提高输出的特征在低维空间中的判别力.同时,引入线性化模型以解决流形学习方法中常见的小样本问题.对高光谱遥感图像自动分类的实验表明,基于判别流形学习的高光谱遥感图像自动分类方法能够显著地提高图像分类准确度.     

A reanalysis of branching fractions of charmed mesonsD 0,D + andD s +

We combine highly complementary information on branching fractions of charmed mesonsD ⁰,D ⁺ andD _s ⁺ coming from two experiments both yielding doublecharm samples. The NA 32 experiment provided exclusive branching fractions for channels with at least two charged decay products while a recent Mark III paper provides results on inclusive charm decay properties. The knowledge of channels withK ⁰'s in the former is used to recalculate the charged multiplicity distribution in the latter. We obtain 〈n _ch〉=2.25±0.08 forD ⁰, 〈n _ch〉=1.96±0.08 forD ⁺ and 〈n _ch〉=2.41±0.38 forD _s ⁺ . In turn the knowledge of the charged multiplicity improves the overall normalization of exclusive branching fractions. This reanalysis yields model-independent results for charmed mesons. In particular we obtain branching fractions for 16D _s ⁺ decay channels including $$BF(D_s^ + \to \phi \pi ^ + ) = \left( {4.4\begin{array}{*{20}c} { + 2.3} \\ { - 1.8} \\ \end{array} } \right)\% .$$ .     

大气等离子体加工过程的原子发射光谱研究

大气等离子体加工反应过程中,等离子体发生装置的热稳定过程对去除率有直接影响,CF₄是化学反应中活性F*原子的提供者,O₂是重要的辅助气体。为了寻找这三者对大气等离子体加工反应过程的影响规律,采用大气等离子体加工系统进行加工、光谱仪监控等离子体反应过程的活性F*原子的光谱变化。实验结果表明,在大气压等离子体加工系统中: 热稳定后,活性F*原子强度基本不随时间变化;随着CF₄含量的增加,F*原子谱线轮廓发生了自吸收现象,这说明采用光谱法研究CF₄含量对活性F*原子含量的影响是不完全准确的;由于O₂易和CF₄解离的中间产物反应,抑制活性粒子重新组合,因此一定范围内随着O₂含量增加,活性F*原子增加。     

邻硝基苯甲醛缩对乙酰基苯胺希夫碱的结构与光谱的理论研究

利用实验方法测定了标题化合物的紫外吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱和相对荧光量子产率,结果表明该化合物具有较强的荧光性质。采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory, DFT)中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-311G(d)基组水平上对该化合物基态分子构型进行了几何结构全优化,得到了其最稳定构型、总能量及HOMO与LUMO能级差。研究结果说明：分子具有较强的芳香性和较大的共轭体系。振动频率分析说明,标题分子优化后的结构稳定。将优化后的基态结构应用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT),在B3LYP/6-311G水平上计算并研究了此化合物的吸收光谱。用单激发组态相互作用(single-excitation configuration interaction, CIS)法优化了标题分子的激发态构型,并在此基础上用TD-DFT//B3LYP/6-311G方法计算了这种化合物的发射光谱。结果表明,理论计算的光谱数据与实验结果较吻合。