Fast leed intensity measurements from Ni(100)c(2 × 2)CO

The Ni(100)c(2 × 2)CO surface structure has been investigated by very fast LEED intensity measurements using a computer controlled television method. It turns out that the intensity spectra are strongly influenced by intolerably long measuring times during which the primary electron beam impinges onto the surface. The spectra have been taken within 16 sec at 100 K immediately after termination of the adsorption process for all beams simultaneously. They are compared with other measurements and with Pendrys model calculations for a CO molecule bonded linearly on top of a Ni atom with straight molecular axis normal to the surface. Using the r-factor formalism for theory-experiment comparison the bond length results to be 1.15 ± 0.1 Å for CO and 1.80 ± 0.1 Å for NiC. This is in agreement with the results of other methods and removes some discrepancies with those of earlier LEED experiments.     

特高含水期油气水混输管道压降计算方法研究

在油田开发后期,产出液的含水率已超过80％,集输管道内介质的流动属于特高含水油气水混合流动。准确的油气水混输管道压降计算,对油田集输系统运行管理有着重要的意义。利用井口到计量间的现有设施,对特高含水期油气水管道的液量、气量、含水率、温度及压降进行了测试。介绍了Baker冲击流压降计算模型,用实测数据对Baker模型进行了修正。计算与测试数据对比分析结果表明,所给的修正压降模型适合特高含水采油期油气水三相冲击流水平管道压降计算。     

基于NURBS的叶片全三维气动优化设计

采用NURBS对叶轮机械叶片的关键截面和基迭线进行参数化表达,该表达方法为基于现代优化算法的叶片粘性气动最优化设计提供设计变量,以实现对叶片截面和叶片基迭线弯、倾、扭、掠变形的控制。该方法编写成的叶片全三维控制模块和网格自动生成程序、CFD程序集成到商业软件iSIGHT中,构成了叶片全三维粘性气动优化设计平台。在该平台上选用ASA成功进行了某透平静叶片的全三维粘性气动最优化设计。实验结果表明通过同时改变叶片截面和叶片基迭线的方法能够有效地抑制叶片的二次流损失,因此该设计平台在叶片气动优化设计中有广阔的应用前景。     

1 J/pulse Q-switched 2 microm solid-state laser

Q-switched output of 1.1 J/pulse at a 2.053 microm wavelength has been achieved in a diode-pumped Ho: Tm: LuLF laser with a side-pumped rod configuration in a master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) architecture. This is the first time to our knowledge that a 2 microm laser has broken the joule per pulse barrier for Q-switched operation. The total system efficiency reaches 5% and 6.2% for single- and double-pulse operation, respectively. The system produces an excellent 1.4 times transform-limited beam quality.     

The high response organic ultraviolet photodetectors based on 2-TNATA as donor

Organic ultraviolet photodetectors (OUV-PDs) were fabricated utilizing 2-TNATA as an electron donor with Bphen and TPBi as electron acceptors. A high sensitivity of OUV-PDs to UV light was obtained in the range of 300–420 nm. The optimized OUV-PDs composed of Bphen as the acceptor offered a photocurrent density up to 336 µA/cm² at ?8 V with 365 nm UV light at a power of 1.2 mW/cm². The high response is attributed to the excellent electron transport ability of Bphen and the matched energy level between 2-TNATA and Bphen.     

载流子选择性接触:高效硅太阳电池的选择

太阳电池可看成由光子吸收层和接触层两个基本单元组成,接触层是高复合活性金属界面和光子吸收层之间的区域.为了进一步提高硅太阳电池的转换效率,关键是降低光子吸收层和接触之间的复合损失.近年来,载流子选择性接触引起了光伏界的研究兴趣,其被认为是接近硅太阳电池效率理论极限的最后的障碍之一.本文分析了三种类型的载流子选择性接触:在光子吸收层与金属界面之间引入薄的重掺杂层,即所谓的发射极或背面场;利用两种材料之间的导带或价带对齐;利用高功函数的金属氧化物与晶硅接触从而在晶硅中感应能带弯曲.基于一维太阳电池模拟软件wx AMPS,模拟了扩散同质结硅太阳电池[结构为(p~+)c-Si/(n)c-Si/(n~+)c-Si]、非晶硅薄膜硅异质结太阳电池[结构为(p~+)a-Si/(i)a-Si/(n)c-Si/(i)a-Si/(n~+)a-Si]和氧化物薄膜硅异质结太阳电池[结构为(n)MoO_x/(n)c-Si/(n)TiO_x]暗态下的能带结构和载流子浓度的空间分布,其中c-Si为晶硅;a-Si为非晶硅;(i),(n)和(p)分别表示本征、n型掺杂和p型掺杂.模拟结果表明:载流子选择性接触的核心是在接触处晶硅表面附近形成载流子浓度空间分布的不对称进而使得电导率的不对称,形成了对电子的高阻和空穴的低阻或者对空穴的高阻和电子的低阻,从而让空穴轻松通过同时阻挡电子,或者让电子轻松通过同时阻挡空穴,形成空穴选择性接触或者电子选择性接触.     

基于流固耦合作用的分布反馈式光纤激光水听器

为了解决流固耦合模态使水听器工作频带变窄的问题,理论分析了流体对双膜片结构的分布反馈式光纤激光水听器固有频率的影响,基于有限元软件对水听器加固封装前后在空气中和流体中的模态和频响性能进行仿真分析,加工制作了水听器原型样品并开展了水声实验研究.实验结果表明,在2 500~8 000Hz的频率范围内,未经加固封装的水听器由于在该频段内存在多个流固耦合固有频率造成响应曲线起伏较大,而采取了加固措施封装后的水听器获得了-142.77±0.8dB的平均声压灵敏度,验证了流体对水听器频响性能的影响以及改善措施的有效性,实验结果与理论及仿真结果吻合较好.     

分布反馈式光纤激光水听器拖曳线列阵实验研究

为了进一步增大光纤拖曳阵的探测距离,研制了缆径为16mm的32元分布反馈式光纤激光水听器拖曳线列阵.阵元在10~2 000Hz频率范围内的平均声压灵敏度为-142.7dB(re 1rad/μPa),波动幅度小于±2dB.基于声光调制器的时分、波分联合复用技术实现了32元光纤激光水听器的多路复用,各个阵元之间以及各个通道之间的串扰均小于-40dB,并完成了静态和动态拖曳湖上实验.实验结果表明,研制的32元分布反馈式光纤激光水听器拖曳线列阵无论是在静态,还是在6~16节的动态拖曳状态,都能对目标形成稳定的波束指向,与GPS轨迹记录完全一致,展现了分布反馈式光纤激光水听器拖曳线列阵在工程上的应用前景.     

大气湍流对空间激光通信跟踪系统的影响

基于大气信道内的空间激光通信演示验证实验,对系统光斑跟踪精度的影响因素进行了分析,研究了大气湍流对光斑跟踪精度的影响,建立了光斑质心检测模型,设计了一套信标光光斑粗精复合跟踪系统.搭建了室内测试实验系统,完成了大气湍流对光斑跟踪精度影响的测量,结果表明在中弱湍流时,跟踪精度随湍流增大有近似线性关系,系统整体跟踪精度在5~15μrad之间,可较好地完成光斑跟踪功能.在野外环境开展的飞机-飞机激光通信演示实验中,对伺服系统的跟踪性能及跟踪精度进行实际测量,整体跟踪精度不大于15μrad,与室内实验测试系统基本一致.