Formation of five- and six-membered heterocyclic rings under radical cyclisation conditions

This review describes the formation of five- and six-membered heterocyclic rings in various organic molecules by radical cyclisation and covers mostly the literature published in 2005.     

Factors contributing to the uncertainty in circumaural earphone calibration for audiometric testing

This paper describes important factors that need to be considered when determining the uncertainty in the calibration of the HDA200 circumaural earphones which are used in audiometric and psychoacoustic tests. This paper describes the instruments that were used, the procedures and the results of the measurements. Each of these measurements generated an uncertainty component and the final calculus of the total uncertainty was computed using standard procedures. This paper highlights the necessity for researches on the contribution that the artificial ears have on the uncertainty and establishes a calibration method.     

LED正向压降随温度的变化关系研究

分析了LED正向压降随温度变化的物理机理,建立了恒流驱动下正向压降随温度的变化系数测试系统对不同材料、不同发射波长的LED电压随温度变化系数进行了系统的实验研究,利用最小二乘法对实验数据进行了线性拟合,得到了不同发射波长的AlGaInP、InGaN材料LED的电压随温度变化系数,对超高亮度LED、功率型LED器件及系统的热工参数测量积累了的重要数据.     

Molecular Dipole Engineering of Carbonyl Additives for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Carbonyl functional materials as additives are extensively applied to reduce the defects density of the perovskite film. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding for the effect of carbonyl additives to improve device performance. In this work, we systematically study the effect of carbonyl additive molecules on the passivation of defects in perovskite films. After a comprehensive investigation, the results confirm the importance of molecular dipole in amplifying the passivation effect of additive molecules. The additive with strong molecular dipole possesses the advantages of enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). After optimization, the companion efficiency of PSCs is 23.20 %, and it can maintain long-term stability under harsh conditions. Additionally, a large-area solar cell module-modified DLBA was 20.18 % (14 cm²). This work provides an important reference for the selection and designing of efficient carbonyl additives.     

Positive lists of cosmetic ingredients: Analytical methodology for regulatory and safety controls – A review

Cosmetic products placed on the market and their ingredients, must be safe under reasonable conditions of use, in accordance to the current legislation. Therefore, regulated and allowed chemical substances must meet the regulatory criteria to be used as ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, and adequate analytical methodology is needed to evaluate the degree of compliance. This article reviews the most recent methods (2005–2015) used for the extraction and the analytical determination of the ingredients included in the positive lists of the European Regulation of Cosmetic Products (EC 1223/2009): comprising colorants, preservatives and UV filters. It summarizes the analytical properties of the most relevant analytical methods along with the possibilities of fulfilment of the current regulatory issues. The cosmetic legislation is frequently being updated; consequently, the analytical methodology must be constantly revised and improved to meet safety requirements. The article highlights the most important advances in analytical methodology for cosmetics control, both in relation to the sample pretreatment and extraction and the different instrumental approaches developed to solve this challenge.     

Magnetic ionic liquids in analytical chemistry: A review

Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) have recently generated a cascade of innovative applications in numerous areas of analytical chemistry. By incorporating a paramagnetic component within the cation or anion, MILs exhibit a strong response toward external magnetic fields. Careful design of the MIL structure has yielded magnetoactive compounds with unique physicochemical properties including high magnetic moments, enhanced hydrophobicity, and the ability to solvate a broad range of molecules. The structural tunability and paramagnetic properties of MILs have enabled magnet-based technologies that can easily be added to the analytical method workflow, complement needed extraction requirements, or target specific analytes. This review highlights the application of MILs in analytical chemistry and examines the important structural features of MILs that largely influence their physicochemical and magnetic properties.