基于阵列倏逝波荧光传感器的雌二醇免疫检测方法

近年来,环境内分泌干扰物愈来愈受到人们的关注。对其用传统的检测技术分析,过程复杂、耗时长、价格昂贵,因此急需发展灵敏度高、反应迅速快、价格低廉的检测手段。介绍了一种平面波导型阵列倏逝波荧光生物传感器,在对系统光路参数进行模拟优化的基础上,可实现24个传感位点的同步、快速、灵敏检测。基于此阵列倏逝波荧光传感器,运用间接竞争免疫检测模式,优化并建立环境内分泌干扰物雌二醇的标准检测条件。实验结果表明,入射角在61.8°时,系统灵敏度最高。该方法对雌二醇检测线性检测区间为0.08~2.52 μg·L-1,检测限为0.05 μg·L-1,半抑制浓度为0.46 μg·L-1,完成单次样品的检测时间为20 min。利用该传感器对污水处理厂出水进行加标回收测试,回收率在84%~120%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%,表明该方法能够用于实际水体中雌二醇的快速检测。     

基于纠缠见证的路径纠缠微波检测方法

提出了一种基于纠缠见证的路径纠缠微波信号检测方法.路径纠缠微波是微波频段上的连续变量纠缠,介绍了利用微波压缩态和微波分束器制备路径纠缠微波的方法.根据部分转置正定判据以及2?2纠缠态密度矩阵的部分转置具有负本征值的性质,分别对常见的两种2?2纠缠进行了纠缠见证算符的构造,用于对两路信号是否为纠缠态进行判定.将连续变量纠缠的路径纠缠微波分解为大量2?2纠缠子系统叠加的纠缠态,证明其能够利用所构造的2?2纠缠见证算符来检测路径纠缠微波.同时分析了微波分束器的作用,并利用微波分束器设计了一种用于检测路径纠缠微波信号的实验方案,并在理论上分析了纠缠检测所得到的结果.结果表明,该方法能够有效检测路径纠缠微波信号,降低了检测的复杂度和计算量.本文的研究为纠缠微波的检测提供了思路.     

不均匀性:非晶合金的灵魂

非晶合金,即金属玻璃,是一类特殊的由基本化学元素组成的非晶态物质,由于其独特的微观组织结构,展现出了不同于传统晶态合金材料的特殊物性,而成为高性能材料应用领域的重要一员.由于非晶合金的结构无序性,且当前精确表征其微观结构的实验手段缺乏,相应的理论模型也不完善,人们对非晶合金中一些基础物理问题的认识尚且不足,无法形成基本的理论框架来精确地描述其物性产生的微观机理.因而,当前非晶合金研究的核心问题可以概括为:如何建立以微观特征或结构为基础的基本理论框架,准确地概括非晶合金物性的微观机理.在过去几十年里,针对非晶合金的大量研究表明,在非晶合金长程无序的特征中,隐藏着本征的不均匀性和有序,且这些不均匀性的特征与材料物性有着密切的关联,使得建立以不均匀性特征为基础的理论框架成为可能.本文从非晶合金微观特征的不均匀性包括静态不均匀性和动态不均匀性的视角出发,概括性地总结了非晶合金材料与物理研究中取得的丰硕成果,及当前需要关注的重要科学问题,并针对未来可能的研究模式进行了展望.     

A tunable multi-wavelength Brillouin–erbium fiber laser with fourfold Brillouin frequency spacing

We have experimentally demonstrated a tunable multi-wavelength Brillouin–erbium fiber laser with over 40 GHz spacing utilizing two cascaded double Brillouin-frequency-spacing cavities. In this laser configuration, two segments of 25 km-long single-mode fibers are used as Brillouin gain medium in each ring cavity, and a segment of 8 m-long erbium-doped fiber with 980 nm pump is employed to amplify Brillouin pump (BP). At BP wavelength of 1550 nm, BP power of 8.3 dBm (6.8 mW) and the maximum 980 nm pump power of 27.78 dBm (600 mW), seven output channels with fourfold Brillouin-frequency spacing, and the tuning range of 15 nm from 1545 to 1560 nm are achieved. The proposed multi-wavelength Brillouin–erbium fiber laser has wide applications, such as in microwave signal generation and optical communications.     

大气损耗对量子干涉雷达的影响机理

以马赫-曾德尔干涉仪作为基本模型对量子干涉雷达的探测原理进行分析,讨论了目标探测过程中光场量子态的具体演化情况,并采用宇称算符作为相位检测算符分析了量子干涉雷达的回波信号,将其与基于振幅检测的经典雷达回波信号进行比较,证明量子干涉雷达具有超越衍射极限的超分辨率特性.此外,针对大气损耗的进一步研究显示:量子干涉雷达分辨率受大气损耗影响较小,且可通过增大脉冲光子数N克服其影响;而量子干涉雷达的灵敏度则受到较大影响,尤其当两路光的损耗情况不同时,灵敏度随N的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势;当两路光损耗情况相同时,系统灵敏度随N的增加而升高且正比于1/N~(1/2).综上,可根据探测光的大气损耗情况适当调节参考光的衰减来克服大气损耗带来的不良影响.     

高功率多脉冲调制器研究

 研制了能产生多脉冲的高功率脉冲调制器,该调制器由初级储能系统、带绕式变压器、水介质Blumlein线和场发射二极管组成。在场发射二极管上获得3个峰值功率大于20 GW,半高脉宽约60 ns,脉冲间隔约15 ms,电压约400 kV的高功率电脉冲。理论计算、模拟计算与实验结果基本一致。分析表明主开关恢复时间是影响调制器输出脉冲时间间隔的主要因素。     

强激光加载下高压液氘材料的电导率

液氘在高压下有丰富的电学光学性质。利用反射率和相对介电函数关系并从广义极化角度出发初步建立了计算低Z材料电导率的简易模型;在神光-Ⅱ装置上利用第九路激光冲击加载液氘材料并测量了其在强激光冲击下的高压状态参数和反射率。结合上述理论模型和实验,研究了高压下液氘的电离度和电导率。结果表明,液氘在约70 GPa时的电导率约为2.87105 (Wm)-1,已呈现出较为明显的金属电导特性。显然,冲击加载下液氘从绝缘分子态开始电离并向金属氘转变发生在更低的压强。     

Mono-components from Blaschke products as solutions of a wave equation

In this note, we prove that the uni-modular mono-components from Blaschke products in the unit disc are eigenvectors of the Sturm-Liouville operators and investigate a kind of wave equations with some initial conditions, which give rise to mono-components.     

Potential PDP phosphors with strong absorption around 172 nm: Rare earth doped NaLaP2O7 and NaGdP2O7

NaLaP₂O₇ and NaGdP₂O₇ powder samples are prepared by solid-state reactions at 750 and 600 °C, respectively, and the VUV-excited luminescence properties of Ln³⁺ (Ln=Ce, Pr, Tb, Tm, Eu) in both diphosphates are studied. Ln³⁺ ions in both hosts show analogous luminescence. For Ce³⁺-doped samples, the five Ce³⁺ 5d levels can be clearly identified. As for Pr³⁺ and Tb³⁺-doped samples, strong 4f-5d absorption band around 172 nm is observed, which matches well with Xe-He excimer in plasma display panel (PDP) devices. As a result, Pr³⁺ can be utilized as sensitizer to absorb 172 nm VUV photon and transfer energy to appropriate activators, and Tb³⁺-doped NaREP₂O₇(RE=La, Gd) are potential 172 nm excited green PDP phosphors. For Tm³⁺ and Eu³⁺-doped samples, the Tm³⁺-O²⁻ charge transfer band (CTB) is observed to be at 177 nm, but the CTB of Eu³⁺ is observed at abnormally low energy position, which might originate from multi-position of Eu³⁺ ions. The similarity in luminescence properties of Ln³⁺ in both hosts indicates certain structural resemblance of coordination environment of Ln³⁺ in the two sodium rare earth diphosphates.     

交叉分子束方法研究H+CH4和H+CD4反应:CH3/CD3的振动激发态产物通道

We study the H+CH₄/CD₄→H₂/HD+CH₃/CD₃ reactions using the time sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. Ion images of the CH₃/CD₃ products were measured by the (2+1) resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) detection method. Besides the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, ion images of the vibrationally excited CH₃/CD₃ products were also observed at two collision energies of 0.72 and 1.06 eV. It is shown that the angular distribution of the products CH₃/CD₃ in vibrationally excited states gradually vary from backward scattering to sideways scattering as the collision energy increases. Compared to the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, the CH₃/CD₃ products in vibrationally excited states tend to be more sideways scattered, indicating that larger impact parameters play a more important role in the vibrationally excited product channels.