全文获取类型
收费全文 | 37214篇 |
免费 | 6207篇 |
国内免费 | 5838篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 28112篇 |
晶体学 | 647篇 |
力学 | 2006篇 |
综合类 | 442篇 |
数学 | 4017篇 |
物理学 | 14035篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 115篇 |
2023年 | 673篇 |
2022年 | 1290篇 |
2021年 | 1415篇 |
2020年 | 1482篇 |
2019年 | 1533篇 |
2018年 | 1328篇 |
2017年 | 1386篇 |
2016年 | 1813篇 |
2015年 | 1888篇 |
2014年 | 2333篇 |
2013年 | 2904篇 |
2012年 | 3537篇 |
2011年 | 3620篇 |
2010年 | 2719篇 |
2009年 | 2618篇 |
2008年 | 2712篇 |
2007年 | 2494篇 |
2006年 | 2361篇 |
2005年 | 1931篇 |
2004年 | 1414篇 |
2003年 | 1073篇 |
2002年 | 1051篇 |
2001年 | 922篇 |
2000年 | 790篇 |
1999年 | 654篇 |
1998年 | 509篇 |
1997年 | 428篇 |
1996年 | 354篇 |
1995年 | 332篇 |
1994年 | 295篇 |
1993年 | 226篇 |
1992年 | 202篇 |
1991年 | 184篇 |
1990年 | 154篇 |
1989年 | 105篇 |
1988年 | 86篇 |
1987年 | 59篇 |
1986年 | 69篇 |
1985年 | 61篇 |
1984年 | 30篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1957年 | 6篇 |
1936年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
研究了一类具有Neumann边界条件的抛物方程解的性质,通过微分方法得到了一类边值问题解的估计,并得到了拟线性方程解的存在性. 相似文献
82.
Huan Wang Xinchen Liu Xiangyu Yan Jiawen Fan Daowei Li Jinsong Ren Xiaogang Qu 《Chemical science》2022,13(22):6704
Ultrasound (US)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a spatiotemporally controllable therapeutic modality in combating cancer because of its high tissue-penetration depth and minimal invasiveness. However, the elevated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant program in cancer cells can serve as a chief reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification system to alleviate oxidative injury and promote tumorigenesis, and thus greatly antagonize the therapeutic efficacy of ROS-mediated anticancer therapies. Herein, we report that vanadium carbide MXene-derived carbon dots (PMQDs) can act as high-efficacy sonosensitizers to efficiently generate ROS upon US irradiation and simultaneously hinder the Nrf2 antioxidant program for enhanced sonodynamic therapy of cancer. These PMQDs show superior US-triggered ROS generating ability because of their efficient migration/separation of electron–hole pairs and narrow bandgap. Importantly, these PMQDs can serve as efficient redox homeostasis regulators to perturb the Nrf2 antioxidant mechanism and thus reduce its effects on ROS neutralization for enhanced SDT efficacy. Overall, the present study will not only provide a new paradigm to augment SDT by perturbing the Nrf2 antioxidant program, but also give valuable insights into developing high-efficacy MXene-derived nanoagents for cancer therapy.A redox homeostasis regulator has been developed as a high-efficacy sonosensitizer to efficiently generate reactive oxygen species upon ultrasound irradiation and simultaneously hinder the Nrf2 antioxidant program for enhanced sonodynamic therapy. 相似文献
83.
Dynamic Variation of Amino Acid Contents and Identification of Sterols in Xinyang Mao Jian Green Tea
Meng Sun Fangfang Yang Wanying Hou Shuangfeng Jiang Runqi Yang Wei Zhang Mingjie Chen Yuhang Yan Yuxin Tian Hongyu Yuan 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(11)
As important biomolecules in Camellia sinensis L., amino acids (AAs) are considered to contribute to the overall green tea sensory quality and undergo dynamic changes during growth. However, limited by analytical capacity, detailed AAs composition in different growth stages remains unclear. To address this question, we analyzed the dynamic changes of 23 AAs during leaf growth in Xinyang Mao Jian (XYMJ) green tea. Using amino acid analyzer, we demonstrated that most AAs are abundant on Pure Brightness Day and Grain Rain Day. After Grain Rain, 23 AAs decreased significantly. Further analysis shows that theanine has a high level on the day before Spring Equinox and Grain Rain, accounting for 44–61% of the total free AAs content in tea leaves. Glu, Pro, and Asp are the second most abundant AAs. Additionally, spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol are first purified and identified in ethanol extract of XYMJ by silica gel column chromatography method. This study reveals the relationship between plucking days and the dynamic changes of AAs during the growth stage and proves the rationality of the traditional plucking days of XYMJ green tea. 相似文献
84.
运用热蒸发ZnO粉末法,以金做催化剂,分别在Si(100)和Si(111)两种基片上外延生长了ZnO纳米棒(样品分别标为1#和2#).通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析,结合ZnO与Si的晶格结构特征,从理论上得出了两个样品的晶格匹配关系.1#样品:[0001]ZnO∥[114]Si,[0001]ZnO∥[1-1-4]Si,[0001]ZnO∥[11-4]Si,[0001]ZnO∥[1-14]Si,失配度为1.54;;2#样品:[0001]ZnO∥[111]Si,[21-1-0]ZnO∥[11-0]Si,[1-21-0]ZnO∥[1-01]Si ,[1-1-20]ZnO∥[011-]Si,失配度为18.12;.研究表明Si衬底对ZnO纳米棒生长方向具有调控作用. 相似文献
85.
SiC是宽带隙半导体材料的典型代表,具有优良的热学、力学、化学和电学性质,不但可以用作基于GaN的蓝色发光二极管的衬底材料,同时又是制作高温、高频、大功率电子器件的最佳材料之一,因此高质量、大直径SiC单晶的生长一直是材料研究领域的热点课题。目前美国的Cree公司在SiC单晶生长领域研发方面起步早、投入大,SiC单晶的直径达到4英寸,处于领先地位。我国在“十五”期间投入了一定的人力、物力进行了SiC单晶生长的研究,在生长2英寸SiC单晶的工作中取得了一定的成绩[1],但更大直径的SiC单晶生长技术进展缓慢,至今未见国内报道。而对… 相似文献
86.
Phenothiazine-based covalent organic frameworks with low exciton binding energies for photocatalysis
Weitao Wang Haotian Wang Xiaohui Tang Jinlei Huo Yan Su Chuangye Lu Yujian Zhang Hong Xu Cheng Gu 《Chemical science》2022,13(29):8679
Designing delocalized excitons with low binding energy (Eb) in organic semiconductors is urgently required for efficient photochemistry because the excitons in most organic materials are localized with a high Eb of >300 meV. In this work, we report the achievement of a low Eb of ∼50 meV by constructing phenothiazine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with inherent crystallinity, porosity, chemical robustness, and feasibility of bandgap engineering. The low Eb facilitates effective exciton dissociation and thus promotes photocatalysis by using these COFs. As a demonstration, we subject these COFs to photocatalytic polymerization to synthesize polymers with remarkably high molecular weight without any requirement of the metal catalyst. Our results can facilitate the rational design of porous materials with low Eb for efficient photocatalysis.We report the construction of phenothiazine-based covalent organic frameworks, which exhibited diverse structures, the feasibility of bandgap engineering, and unprecedented ultralow exciton binding energy of ∼50 meV for photocatalytic polymerization. 相似文献
87.
Feature selection (FS) is a vital step in data mining and machine learning, especially for analyzing the data in high-dimensional feature space. Gene expression data usually consist of a few samples characterized by high-dimensional feature space. As a result, they are not suitable to be processed by simple methods, such as the filter-based method. In this study, we propose a novel feature selection algorithm based on the Explosion Gravitation Field Algorithm, called EGFAFS. To reduce the dimensions of the feature space to acceptable dimensions, we constructed a recommended feature pool by a series of Random Forests based on the Gini index. Furthermore, by paying more attention to the features in the recommended feature pool, we can find the best subset more efficiently. To verify the performance of EGFAFS for FS, we tested EGFAFS on eight gene expression datasets compared with four heuristic-based FS methods (GA, PSO, SA, and DE) and four other FS methods (Boruta, HSICLasso, DNN-FS, and EGSG). The results show that EGFAFS has better performance for FS on gene expression data in terms of evaluation metrics, having more than the other eight FS algorithms. The genes selected by EGFAGS play an essential role in the differential co-expression network and some biological functions further demonstrate the success of EGFAFS for solving FS problems on gene expression data. 相似文献
88.
Xiaobo Xu Leyu Yan Zhi-Kai Zhang Bingqing Lu Zhuangwen Guo Mengyue Chen Zhong-Yan Cao 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(15)
A practical method for the deoxygenation of α-hydroxyl carbonyl compounds under mild reaction conditions is reported here. The use of cheap and easy-to-handle Na2S·9H2O as the reductant in the presence of PPh3 and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) enables the selective dehydroxylation of α-hydroxyl carbonyl compounds, including ketones, esters, amides, imides and nitrile groups. The synthetic utility is demonstrated by the late-stage deoxygenation of bioactive molecule and complex natural products. 相似文献
89.
Partial discharge (PD) is the main feature that effectively reflects the internal insulation defects of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). It is of great significance to diagnose the types of insulation faults by recognizing PD to ensure the normal operation of GIS. However, the traditional diagnosis method based on single feature information analysis has a low recognition accuracy of PD, and there are great differences in the diagnosis effect of various insulation defects. To make the most of the rich insulation state information contained in PD, we propose a novel multi-information ensemble learning for PD pattern recognition. First, the ultra-high frequency and ultrasonic data of PD under four typical defects of GIS are obtained through experiment. Then the deep residual convolution neural network is used to automatically extract discriminative features. Finally, multi-information ensemble learning is used to classify PD types at the decision level, which can complement the shortcomings of the independent recognition of the two types of feature information and has higher accuracy and reliability. Experiments show that the accuracy of the proposed method can reach 97.500%, which greatly improves the diagnosis accuracy of various insulation defects. 相似文献
90.
The 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) biomarker is used as the gold standard for tracing lipid oxidative stress in vivo. The analysis of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α is challenging when dealing with trace amounts of 8-iso-PGF2α and the complexity of urine matrixes. A packed-fiber solid-phase extraction (PFSPE)–coupled with HPLC-MS/MS–method, based on polystyrene (PS)-electrospun nanofibers, was developed for the specific determination of 8-iso-PGF2α in urine and compared with other newly developed LC-MS/MS methods. The method, which simultaneously processed 12 samples within 5 min on a self-made semi-automatic array solid-phase extraction processor, was the first to introduce PS-electrospun nanofibers as an adsorbent for the extraction of 8-iso-PGF2α and was successfully applied to real urine samples. After optimizing the PFSPE conditions, good linearity in the range of 0.05–5 ng/mL with R2 > 0.9996 and a satisfactory limit of detection of 0.015 ng/mL were obtained, with good intraday and interday precision (RSD < 10%) and recoveries of 95.3–103.8%. This feasible method is expected to be used for the batch quantitative analysis of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α. 相似文献