Estimation of temperature elevation generated by ultrasonic irradiation in biological tissues using the thermal wave method

In most previous models,simulation of the temperature generation in tissue is based on the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation,which implies an instantaneous thermal energy deposition in the medium.Due to the long thermal relaxation time τ(20 s-30 s) in biological tissues,the actual temperature elevation during clinical treatments could be different from the value predicted by the Pennes bioheat equation.The thermal wave model of bio-heat transfer(TWMBT) defines a thermal relaxation time to describe the tissue heating from ultrasound exposure.In this paper,COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a,a finite element method software package,is used to simulate the temperature response in tissues based on Pennes and TWMBT equations.We further discuss different factors in the bio-heat transfer model on the influence of the temperature rising and it is found that the temperature response in tissue under ultrasound exposure is a rising process with a declining rate.The thermal relaxation time inhibits the temperature elevation at the beginning of ultrasonic heating.Besides,thermal relaxation in TWMBT leads to lower temperature estimation than that based on Pennes equation during the same period of time.The blood flow carrying heat dominates most to the decline of temperature rising rate and the influence increases with temperature rising.On the contrary,heat diffusion,which can be described by thermal conductivity,has little effect on the temperature rising.     

Efficient three-step entanglement concentration for an arbitrary four-photon cluster state

We propose an entanglement concentration protocol to concentrate an arbitrary partially-entangled four-photon cluster state.As a pioneering three-step entanglement concentration scheme,our protocol only needs a single-photon resource to assist the concentration in each step,which makes this protocol more economical.With the help of the linear optical elements and weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity,one can obtain a maximally-entangled cluster state via local operations and classical communication.Moreover,the protocol can be iterated to obtain a higher success probability and is feasible under current experimental conditions.     

H2S在Fe(100)面吸附的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论第一性原理, 在广义梯度近似下, 研究了表面覆盖度为0.25 ML (monolayer)时硫化氢分子在Fe(100)面吸附的结构和电子性质, 并与单个硫原子吸附结果进行了对比. 结果表明: 硫化氢分子吸附在B2位吸附能最小为-1.23 eV, 最稳定, B1位吸附能最大为-0.01 eV, 最不稳定; 并对硫化氢分子在B1位和B2位吸附后的电子态密度进行了分析, 也表明了吸附在B2位稳定, 且吸附在B2位后硫化氢分子几何结构变化不大; 将硫化氢中硫原子吸附与单个硫原子吸附的电子性质进行了比较, 发现前者吸附作用非常微弱; 同时对吸附后的Fe(100)面进行了对比, 单个硫原子吸附的Fe(100)面电子态密度出现了一系列峰值且离散分布, 生成了硫化亚铁, 表明在硫化氢环境下, 主要是硫化氢析出的硫原子发生了吸附. 关键词： 第一性原理 Fe(100)表面 吸附能 硫化氢     

A Quantum Watermark Protocol

Quantum watermarking is the technique which embeds the invisible quantum signal such as the owner’s identification into quantum multimedia data (such as audio, video and image) for copyright protection. In this paper, a watermark strategy for quantum images is proposed based on flexible representation for quantum images (FRQI). Compared with the former strategy, which can only be used to verify the identity of the true owner of a carrier image, the proposed method can be used to find out who is the real owner, and our strategy’s capacity reaches the largest. It is impossible for anyone except the copyrighter to clear off or extract the watermark images.     

缓变下垫面对浅水方程的动力学订正

讨论了当下垫面随时间缓慢变化时浅水方程的形式. 从控制大气运动的连续性方程和动量方程出发, 将下垫面的缓慢变化作为一个小量叠加到固有下垫面函数上, 利用大气的上下边界条件, 得到改进的浅水方程. 在改进的浅水方程中, 由缓变局部水平体积散度, 订正了局部水平体积散度和流体局部厚度变化之间的平衡, 在此基础上得到包含下垫面缓变的涡度方程.     

Novel method for laser focal point positioning on the cover slip for TPP-based microfabrication and detection of the cured structure under optical microscope

Detection of a single cured structure in two-photon photopolymerization (TPP) based microstructure fabrication requires the laser focal spot to be exactly positioned on the cover slip. This is due to the fact that if the laser focal position is not exactly on the cover slip, the structure may not stick to the cover slip and flow away with the liquid during the washing and developing stages. In this paper, we report a scheme of laser spot positioning for the implementation of TPP process and the detection of a single cured microstructure under an optical microscope. For this, a novel yet very simple approach is devised and an uncomplicated procedure is developed. Experimental results are also included to prove the worthiness of the devised method.     

大气遥感远紫外光谱仪绝对光谱辐照度响应度定标方法研究

主要针对可应用于空间高层大气遥感的远紫外光谱仪的光谱辐照度响应度定标方法进行研究。针对远紫外波段光谱测试标准装置少,实验系统所需真空度高,实验稳定性难以维持,传统漫反射板和积分球辐亮度定标方法在远紫外波段局限性大、难以利用等特点,研究了适用于远紫外光谱仪器的光谱辐照度绝对辐射定标方法,搭建了相应的真空实验系统,以一台远紫外光谱仪原理样机为对象对研究方法进行了实验验证。实验系统以标准氘灯、真空紫外单色仪和准直系统组成照射系统,将出射准直光辐照度用标准探测器进行标定,三者共同组成了标准光谱辐照度光源;利用该光源照射原理样机并读出相应信号,最终获得光谱辐照度响应度,从而实现了利用标准探测器进行照度传递的远紫外光谱仪器绝对光谱辐射定标,有效的进行了仪器定标。该方法定标不确定度约为7.7%,对远紫外波段空间高层大气遥感光谱仪的地面辐射定标研究具有重要意义。     

110kV冷绝缘高温超导电缆在故障电流下的温度计算与分析

研究了110kV冷绝缘高温超导电缆失超时,故障电流的分流情况,并以此为依据,建立了电缆在故障电流下失超时,温升与时间关系的计算模型;通过MATLAB对计算模型进行了求解,并对求解结果进行了分析;计算出了电缆在不同故障电流下,温度上升到不同值所需要的时间,进一步明确了故障电流的大小对电缆温升的影响。     

常压介质阻挡放电的特性研究及应用前景

常压介质阻挡放电由于其具有均匀、散漫、稳定,而且不需要真空系统等优点,正日益受到人们的重视和研究。文章给出了常压介质阻挡放电的研究进展,包括实验装置、实验条件、放电机理以及最新的诊断方法,还介绍它在材料表面改性、环境工程、食品加工等方面的应用前景。     

热泵热水器变工况性能的无量纲对比态分析法

本文介绍一种热泵热水器性能的无量纲对比态分析法,该方法采用不同工况的热泵热水器性能参数与标准设计工况的参数对比的无量纲参数来描述实际工况性能。分别导出了理论和实际的描述热泵热水器变工况性能的无量纲表达式,给出了环境气温从-5～40℃,进水温度从5～30℃的无量纲性能曲线,以及两种型号的实验机的结霜温度区的实验结果无量纲对比性能。研究发现,热泵热水器的对比热水流量m_w是体现变工况性能的极为敏感和重要的参数,只有用m_w和COP相结合,才能全面反映热泵性能。