Optimal Conditions for Existence of Vesicles Under Electric Field

Giant vesicles have been of intense interest as the model system for cell membranes. To bring numerous applications of the vesicles into full play, the existence time of the vesicles becomes particularly important. In this work, we explored the existence time of the vesicles in distilled water under four kinds of representative alternative current (AC) electric fields with different energizing time. When the application time of AC electric field reached 1 hour, the existence time of the vesicles reached the maximum value. As the applied electric field time increased, the existence time of the vesicles decreased. Thus, after obtaining the best vesicles on the carbon fiber electrode, disconnecting the external electric field is very necessary. Based on the in situ observation using inverted microscope, the disappearing phenomena of the vesicles were presented. In addition, it is found that vesicles in phosphate buffer solutions (PBSs) can last about 2–3 days when the electric field was applied for 1 hour, which was much longer than that in distilled water.     

Coral reef-like polyanaline nanotubes prepared by a reactive template of manganese oxide for supercapacitor electrode

Coral reef-like PANI nanotubes composed of nanopaticles were successfully synthesized by a reactive template of manganese oxide.The structure was characterized by using SEM,TEM,and FT-IR,and the supercapacitive behaviors of these nanotubes were investigated with cyclic voltammetry（CV）,and charge-discharge tests,respectively.A maximum specific capacitance of 533 F/g could be achieved in 1mol/L aqueous H₂SO₄ with the potential range of -0.2 to 0.8 V（vs.the saturated calomel electrode） in a half-cell setup configuration for PANI electrode,suggesting its potential application in the electrode material for electrochemical capacitors.     

An efficient approach for total synthesis of aminopropyl functionalized ganglioside GM1b

A highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of aminopropyl functionalized ganglioside GM1b has been described. The full protected ganglioside GM1b was obtained in 71% yield within 5 h. The key feature of the synthetic approach was the use of sialic acid donor that was with a C-5 trichloroacetamide moiety and with a dibenzyl phosphite residue as leaving group at the anomeric carbon. The sialyl donor gave high yields and excellent α-anomeric selectivities with a wide variety of glycosyl acceptors ranging from C-3 or C-6 hydroxyls of galactoside to C-6 hydroxyl of glucosaminoside by using TMSOTf as catalyst in a mixture solution of acetonitrile and methylene chloride.     

Numerical simulation for the temperature changing rule of the crude oil in a storage tank based on the wavelet finite element method

In order to study the temperature changing rule of the crude oil in the storage tank, the wavelet finite element method, the traditional finite element method and the test were used to carry out the numerical simulation. Firstly, the thermal wavelet finite element was put forward established based on thermal finite element theory and the wavelet theory. And the computational model and three boundary conditions were established. And then the temperature changing rule of the crude oil in the storage tank in 24 h for three boundary conditions was obtained by using three methods, and the results showed that the wavelet finite element method had advantages in the numerical analysis of the temperature changing rule of the crude oil in the storage. And then the temperature distribution rule of the crude oil in the storage tank under different conditions in 5 h was obtained. And the temperature changing mechanism of the crude oil was summarized finally.