Quantum Teleportation of a Two Qubit State Using GHZ-Like State

Recently Yang et al. (Int. J. Theor. Phys. 48:516, 2009) had shown that using a particular type of GHZ- Like state as quantum channel, it is possible to teleport an arbitrary unknown qubit. We investigate this channel for the teleportation of a particular type of two qubit state.     

Rate Conservation Laws for Multidimensional Processes of Bounded Variation with Applications to Priority Queueing Systems

In this paper we derive a multidimensional version of the rate conservation law (RCL) for càdlàg processes of bounded variation. These results are then used to analyze queueing models which have a natural multidimensional characterization, such as priority queues. In particular the RCL is used to establish certain conservation laws between the idle probabilities for such queues. We use the relations to provide a detailed analysis of preemptive resume priority queues with M/G inputs. Special attention is paid to the validity of the so-called reduced service rate approximation.     

A room temperature alternative of the Claisen rearrangement route to ortho allylated phenols: unique reactivity pattern of allylindium reagents

Quinol ethers and quinone monoketals are shown to undergo formal anti-Michael addition reactions with allylindium reagents at room temperature to give only ortho allylated phenols in good yields.     

Chromium removal technologies

Chromium can exist in different oxidation states (e.g. 0, III, VI). Chromium can be both beneficial and toxic to animals and humans depending on its oxidation state and concentration. At low concentration, Cr(III) is essential for animal and human health. Chromium(VI) compounds are highly soluble, mobile and bioavailable compared to trivalent chromium. Chromium(VI) is dangerous for humans due to its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. The presence of hexavalent chromium in waste water is a potential hazard to aquatic animals and humans. Various methods are adopted for the removal of hexavalent chromium from industrial effluents. Among these different techniques, biosorption is the most promising one. In this process, the various components present in biomaterial reduce the toxic hexavalent chromium to non-toxic trivalent chromium. Algae, fungi and bacteria have biosorption properties, and cell walls are responsible for biosorption of dead biomaterial. But this process removes chromium from waste water very slowly. So for chemical modification of biosorbents, optimization of biosorption parameters is required to increase the effectiveness of this process.     

Choice of a suitable hetero-aromatic nitrogen base as promoter for chromic acid oxidation of dl-mandelic acid in aqueous media at room temperature

Chromic acid oxidation of dl-mandelic acid in the presence and absence of different promoters has been studied in aqueous media under the kinetic conditions [mandelic acid]_T ? [Cr(VI)]_T and [promoter]_T ? [Cr(VI)]_T at 30 °C. The promoters used in this oxidation reaction, picolinic acid (PA), 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), are strong chelating ligands which form complexes with most transition metal ions. The reaction is first-order with regard to [H⁺], [mandelic acid]_T, and [Cr(VI)]_T and also has first-order dependence on [promoter]_T. HCrO₄ ^? was found to be kinetically active in the absence of promoters; in the presence of promoters the Cr(VI)–promoter complexes were believed to be the active oxidants. In this path the Cr(VI)-promoter complex in each case undergoes nucleophilic attack by the mandelic acid to form a ternary complex which subsequently undergoes redox decomposition involving 3e transfer as the rate-determining step. Among the three promoters oxidation is much faster with 1,10-phenanthroline.     

l-Lactate Production from Seaweed Hydrolysate of Laminaria japonica Using Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli

Renewable and carbon neutral, marine algal biomass could be an attractive alternative substrate for the production of biofuel and various biorefinery products. Thus, the feasibility of brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica) hydrolysate as a carbon source was investigated here for l-lactate production. This work reports the homofermentative route for l-lactate production by introducing Streptococcus bovis/equinus l-lactate dehydrogenase in an engineered Escherichia coli strain where synthesis of the competing by-product was blocked. The engineered strain utilized both glucose and mannitol present in the hydrolysate under microaerobic condition and produced 37.7 g/L of high optical purity l-lactate at 80 % of the maximum theoretical value. The result shown in this study implies that algal biomass would be as competitive with lignocellulosic biomass in terms of lactic acid production and that brown seaweed can be used as a feedstock for the industrial production of other chemicals.     

Cepheid distance to the virgo cluster

HST data on Cepheid variables in one Virgo Cluster spiral galaxy is re-analyzed, taking into account flux-limited incompleteness in the sample and calibration of the period-luminosity relation in the relevant period range. Distance to the Virgo Cluster is estimated to be 19.6 ± 1.7 (random) ± 2.6 (systematic) Mpc.     

Forward equations for reflected diffusions with jumps

In this paper we obtain the forward equations associated with the evolution of the density, if it exists, of reflected diffusions on the positive orthant with jumps which form a marked point process whose random jump measure possesses a stochastic intensity. These results generalize the so-called generalized Dynkin equations for piecewise deterministic jump processes due to Davis. We then consider the stationary case where the existence of a stochastic intensity is not needed. The techniques are based on local times and the use of random jump measures. We discuss the application of these results to problems arising in queuing and storage processes as well as stationary distributions of diffusions with delayed and jump reflections at the origin.This research was supported in part by the Quebec-France Cooperative Research Program and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Grant OGP 0042024.