A characterization ofL n (q) by the normalizers' orders of their sylow subgroups

LetG be a finite group. If for every primer, whereR ₁ Syl _r G andR ₂ Syl _r (L _n (q)), thenG L _n (q).     

相转移催化氧化合成苯甲酸

苯甲酸一般由甲苯氧化而成 ,工业上采用液相空气氧化生产苯甲酸[1 ] 。ＫＭｎＯ4氧化甲苯制备苯甲酸的方法是在实验室中最常见的一种方法[2 ] ,该法的优点是反应条件温和 ,操作简便 ;其缺点是反应时间长 ,产率低 (低于 40 % ) [3] 。为了提高ＫＭｎＯ4氧化法的产率 ,本文采用十六烷基三丁基溴化磷 (ＨＤＴＢＰ)和苄基三乙基氯化铵(ＢＴＥＡ)作相转移催化剂氧化甲苯制备苯甲酸 ,具有时间短 ,收率高等优点。同时又考虑到ＨＤＴＢＰ的催化效果虽然好 ,但价格昂贵 ,因此本文采用价廉易得的苄基三乙基氯化铵 (ＢＴＥＡ)作相转移催化剂氧化甲苯制…     

Eu(Ⅲ)、Tb(Ⅲ)、Ho(Ⅲ)、Tm(Ⅲ)和Lu(Ⅲ)与N,N′-二(邻羟基亚甲基)乙二胺配合物的研究

Dutt曾合成稀土离子与N,N′-二(邻羟基亚甲基)乙二胺的稀土双希夫碱配合物。但未见报道Eu(Ⅲ),Tb(Ⅲ),Ho(Ⅲ),Tm(Ⅲ),Lu(Ⅲ)与双希夫碱N,N′-二(邻羟基亚甲基)乙二胺的配合物。本工作合成了这5种双希夫碱配合物。 所用稀土氧化物纯度大于99.9%(上海跃龙化工厂)。水杨醛(CP,用前经减压蒸馏提纯)。稀土硝酸盐Ln(NO_3)_3·xH_2_由稀土氧化物与硝酸反应制得。其余试剂均为分析纯。 仪器为Perkin-Elmer 240-C元素分析仪;Nicolet-5DX型红外光谱仪,KBr压片;岛津UV-     

A novel approach to carbon hollow spheres and vessels from CCl4 at low temperatures

Carbon hollow spheres (400-600 nm) and vessels (400 nm x 3000 nm) have been synthesized from sp3-CCl4 at 190 and 230 degrees C, respectively. The HRTEM images and Raman spectra reveal the sp2 nature of the as-obtained products, indicating that the transformation from carbon sp3 to sp2 occurs in the reactions. The possible mechanism has also been proposed.     

汞电极表面电荷的快速估算

本文报导了用交流示波极谱快速估算电极表面电荷的方法。该方法使用仪器简单,测量快速,操作简便,在吸附研究中很有用处。     

Regioselective hydrosilations. III. The synthesis and polymerization of ambifunctional silicon-containing epoxy monomers

Silicon-containing epoxide compounds bearing Si ? H groups can be readily prepared in high yields by the regioselective rhodium-catalyzed monohydrosilation of α,ω-dihydrogen functional siloxanes and silanes with vinyl epoxides. The remaining Si ? H groups in these compounds can be further selectively hydrosilated with unsaturated epoxides to give a series of unique ambifunctional monomers containing two different epoxide groups in the same molecule. The photopolymerization of these monomers has been studied using analytical techniques including real time infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning photocalorimetry. On photopolymerization, the new monomers yield interesting networks. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The key elements of traceability in chemical measurement: agreed or still under debate?

Talking about "traceability" means talking about a "property of the result of a measurement", about "the value of a standard", about "stated references" and about an "unbroken chain of comparisons". It describes by which comparison, and to which other value, the result of a measurement has been obtained, i.e. is "traceable to". It is about the underlying structure of the measurement process of the result of a measurement and therefore about the authority of the result. Since values carried by (certified) reference materials have also been obtained by measurement, the definition of traceability equally applies. Traceability in the context of reference materials is also about the authority of the values carried by the (certified) reference materials and is, therefore, of key importance for the authority of the reference materials themselves. Hence, values of results of measurements constitute part of the traceability chain and their uncertainties are an intrinsic accompanying phenomenon. Uncertainties need a traceability chain against which they can be evaluated, and a traceability chain is an a priori requirement for evaluating the uncertainty budget of a measurement result. An attempt has been made to exemplify "traceability" chains in some types of chemical measurement and to identify the degree of international agreement on the key elements of "traceability". It is concluded that there is less than universal agreement on this issue. The debate should continue in order to arrive at the international understanding and agreement needed, as "traceability" is now being incorporated in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Laboratory Accreditation Co-operation (ILAC) and in other "guiding" or regulatory documents. It is also the reason why the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) has taken up the study of the concept in its core programme on Metrology in Chemistry, and why it sponsored the Workshop in Bratislava.     

Stabilization and characterization of colloidal gas aphron dispersions

Colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) are finding increasing application in water processing, bioseparation, bubble-entrained floc flotation, separation of oil from sand, etc. This article proposes an effective method of encapsulation to stabilize the CGA bubbles with silicic sol solution for their characterization. The stabilized CGA bubbles can keep shapes and sizes for at least 12 h; even the bubbles smaller than 25 mum can also be stabilized and exist for very long times. Effects of concentration and pH of silicic sol solution on CGA stabilization were studied. The optimal ranges of concentration and pH of silicic sol solution are 0.15-0.25 mol/dm(3) and 7-10, respectively. The bubble distortion behavior in disturbance and size distribution of CGAs were examined by using the stabilization method and photographic techniques.     

Novel CaCO3/g-C3N4 composites with enhanced charge separation and photocatalytic activity

A novel CaCO₃/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) photocatalyst was synthesized for the first time via a facile calcination method using CaCO₃ and melamine as precursors. The as-prepared samples were characterized using various techniques, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, as well as Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron, photoluminescence, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results of the experiments confirm the successful coupling of CaCO₃ to g-C₃N₄. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized CaCO₃/g-C₃N₄ composites was evaluated by assessing their performance in the photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (CV) in water under visible light irradiation. The analysis shows that CaCO₃/g-C₃N₄ exhibits higher photocatalytic activity towards CV degradation (76.0%) than pristine g-C₃N₄ (21.6%) and CaCO₃ (23.2%). Radical trapping and electron spin resonance experiments show that hydroxyl radicals (OH) and holes (h⁺) are the key reactive species in the photocatalytic process. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite is mainly attributed to the efficient separation rate of electron-hole pairs achieved through the incorporation of CaCO₃.