Formation of nanoscale aggregates of a coumarin derivative in Langmuir–Blodgett film

In the present communication, we report the formation of organized nanoscale aggregates of a coumarin derivative 7 Hydroxy-N-Octadecyl Coumarin-3-Carboxamide (7HNO3C) at the air–water interface and in Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films in the presence and absence of stearic acid (SA). A pressure-area isotherm reveals that the 7HNO3C form stable monolayer at the air–water interface. However, the stability can be improved by mixing it with a fatty acid stearic acid (SA). The miscibility study shows that the nature of interaction is strongly dependent on the mixing ratio and surface pressure. At a mole fraction of 0.4 of 7HNO3C in SA, the attractive and repulsive interaction between these two molecules balance each other forming a stable film with nanoscale aggregates. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopic studies reveal the nature of the aggregates in LB films. Scanning electron microscopy gives compelling visual evidence of formation of nanoscale aggregates in the mixed LB films.     

Adsorption of a cationic water-soluble dye onto cationic Langmuir–Blodgett films via nano clay platelets: An efficient approach to control the H-dimer

This communication reports the successful adsorption of a water-soluble cationic fluorescent dye Acridine Orange (AO) onto Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of a cationic amphiphile octadecylamine (ODA) in the presence of nano-clay platelets hectorite. Acridine orange (AO) has been widely used as a stainer for the characterization of biopolymers. But AO has a tendency to form non-florescent H-dimer even in the aqueous solution. Anionic nano-clay platelets hectorite played an important role in controlling the H-dimer formation of AO in the hybrid film. Effects of various parameters in the adsorption process were investigated in detail.     

Effect of denaturation of DNA on the molecular organization of a fluorescent dye in ultra thin films

Acridine Orange (AO) forms H-dimer in solid state and in ultra thin films. However, H dimer of AO reduces its efficiency as a usefull material for fluorescence probe. In the present work detailed investigations has been done on the interaction of AO with different forms of DNA in order to check the effectiveness in controlling the dimeric sites of AO in the Layer by Layer (LbL) self assembled film. It was found that single stranded DNA (ssDNA) is most effective than the dsDNA and coil-shaped DNA in controlling the dimeric sites of AO in LbL film.     

Scaling laws for plasma transport due toη i-driven turbulence

The scale invariance technique has been employed to discuss theη _i-driven turbulent transport under a new fluid model developed by Kimet al [1]. Our analysis reveals that the finite Larmour radius effect plays a decisive role to determine the scaling behaviour of the energy transport under the new fluid model. However, the overall scaling of the transport coefficient remains unchanged as compared to that derived by Connor [2] under the traditional fluid model. The approximations considered by Connor [2] are qualified with additional requirements within the new fluid approach. In the dissipative case, which has not been discussed earlier, additional constraints on the power scaling laws of the transport properties are imposed due to the dissipative mechanisms in the basic governing equations.     

Amplification without population inversion in molecules

We have studied the feasibility of amplification without population inversion (AWI) in LiH molecule for three-level ladder, V, and Λ schemes. We have shown the salient features of AWI in a molecular system in comparison to that in an atomic system, viz. the dependence of gain profile on the choice of different rotational and vibrational transitions. Under different three-level schemes, the effect of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening on the gain profile has been studied. We have also studied the dependence of gain on different external parameters. The temporal evolution of gain has been analyzed and it was found that AWI is achievable in both the transient and the steady state regime. For all the three-level schemes and in particular for the ladder scheme, amplification of the weak probe was obtained using a coupling laser of smaller frequency.     

Oxidation of naphthalene and phenanthrene by pyridinium fluorochromate (PFC)—a kinetic and mechanistic study

The kinetics of the oxidation of naphthalene and phenanthrene by pyridinium fluorochromate, C₅H₅NHCrO₃F, PFC, has been studied. The main product of the oxidation is the corresponding quinone. While each oxidation, studied in aqueous acetic acid (80–95%, v/v) medium, is first order with respect to the oxidant, the rate is almost independent of the substrate concentration. The reactions are catalyzed by acid, the acid-catalyzed reactions being very fast, which precluded determination of their order in acid medium. The kinetic isotope effect, k_H/k_D is 5.50 at 303 K for naphthalene. The reaction does not induce polymerization of acrylonitrile. The effects of temperature and solvent compositions were studied and activation parameters evaluated. Probable mechanisms are discussed.     

General dynamic scaling theory of critical ultrasonic attenuation and dispersion

Because of the critical slowing down of the order parameter fluctuations, they do not follow the temperature oscillations produced adiabatically by a pressure wave. The resulting hysteresis leads to the observed dispersion and attenuation of ultrasound. The effect depends entirely upon the frequency dependent specific heat. We discuss here the mathematical features of this function, including it dynamic scaling properties.     

Large deflections of rhombic plates—a new approach

Non-linear static behaviour of rhombic plates has been analysed following Banerjee's hypothesis (B. Banerjee, Large deflections of polygonal plates under non-stationary temperature. J. Thermal Stresses 7, 285–292 (1984)). Calculations have been carried out for different skew angles. To test the accuracy of the theoretical results so obtained, experiments were carried out on copper and steel rhombic plates. The theoretical results were found to be in excellent agreement with those obtained from an analysis of the experimental data.     

A parallel search algorithm for directed acyclic graphs

A parallel algorithm for depth-first searching of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) on a shared memory model of a SIMD computer is proposed. The algorithm uses two parallel tree traversal algorithms, one for the preorder traversal and the other for therpostorder traversal of an ordered tree. Each of these traversal algorithms has a time complexity ofO(logn) whenO(n) processors are used,n being the number of vertices in the tree. The parallel depth-first search algorithm for a directed acyclic graphG withn vertices has a time complexity ofO((logn)²) whenO(n ^2.81/logn) processors are used.