Dinuclear Cobalt(III) Complexes Showing a Co2O2 Metallacycle

The heptadentate Schiff base H₃L reacts with cobalt(II) acetate in methanol to form the discrete dinuclear complex Co₂L(OAc)₂(OMe)(H₂O)₂ ( 1 ·2H₂O). The reaction of 1 ·2H₂O with NMe₄OH·5H₂O in methanol gives rise to displacement of the acetate by methanolate groups, yielding Co₂L(OMe)₃(H₂O) ( 2 ·1H₂O). Recrystallizations of the Schiff base, 1 ·2H₂O and 2 ·H₂O in different solvents, produce single crystals of H₃L, 1 ·2.5H₂O and 2 ·2MeOH, respectively. The crystal structures of 1 ·2.5H₂O and 2 ·2MeOH show the cobalt atoms double bridged by and endogenous phenol oxygen atom and an exogenous methanolate oxygen donor, giving rise to Co₂O₂ cores with Co···Co distances of ca. 2.87 Å.     

Synthesis and stereochemistry of (3α)-6β,7β-dihydroxy- and 6β-hydroxy-8-alkyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-spiro-5′-imidazoline-2′,4′-diones

The synthesis of 6β-hydroxy- and 6β,7β-dihydroxy-8-alkyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-spiro-5′-hydantoins was stereoselectively achieved by Bucherer-Bergs reaction of the corresponding ketones. An α configuration on C₃ was proposed for all hydantoins on the basis of spectral data.     

Optimisation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Systems for Complexation of Naproxen : Beta-Cyclodextrin

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂)offers several attractive scenarios for thepharmaceutical processing as an alternativeto aqueous and organic solvents. In thiswork naproxen, a widely used non steroidalanti-inflammatory drug with analgesic andanti-inflammatory properties, was chosenas a model drug. Its complexation with cyclodextrinsimproves the rate and extent of dissolutionof the drug, increase its rate of absorption and mayreduce the unpleasant side-effects of the drug.The interest in using this supercritical technologyled us to develop an experimental unit for the useof supercritical CO₂ as a processing medium forthe complexation of naproxen with beta cyclodextrin (CD).     

Density functional theory study of the mechanism of the proline-catalyzed intermolecular aldol reaction

Transition structures associated with the C-C bond-formation step of the proline-catalyzed intermolecular aldol reaction between acetone and isobutyraldehyde have been studies using density functional theory methods at the B3LYP/6-31G** computational level. A continuum model has been selected to represent solvent effects. For this step, which is the stereocontrolling and rate-determining step, four reactive channels corresponding to the syn and anti arrangement of the active methylene of the enamine relative to the carboxylic acid group of l-proline and the re and si attack modes to both faces of the aldehyde carbonyl group have been analyzed. The B3LYP/6-31G** energies are in good agreement with experiment, allowing us to explain the origin of the catalysis and stereoselectivity for these proline-catalyzed aldol reactions. Received: 2 April 2002 / Accepted: 18 July 2002 / Published online: 11 October 2002 Acknowledgements. This work was supported by research funds provided by the Ministerio de Educación y Cultura of the Spanish Government by DGICYT (project PB98–1429). All the calculations were performed on a Cray–Silicon Graphics Origin 2000 of the Servicio de Informática de la Universidad de Valencia. We are most indebted to this center for providing us with computer capabilities. Correspondence to: L. R. Domingo e-mail: domingo@utopia.uv.es     

General solution for Poisson-Boltzmann equation in semiinfinite planar symmetry

Self-assembled multilayer thin films have been prepared on Au substrate by alternate surface derivatization with L-cysteine hydrochloride and cupric perchlorate. The layer-by-layer structure at each step of multilayer formation was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The measurements indicate that there are two structure modes in the multilayers. One is that Cu(2+) sandwiches between two amino acid groups. The other one is that Cu(+) is bonded through disulfide and thiolate. This process is also confirmed by cyclic voltammetry of Cu ion at different self-assembled multilayers. Steps further on will lead to repeated multilayer films.     

Stilbenophane analogues of deoxycombretastatin A-4

A new family of polyoxygenated stilbenophanes has been synthesized as conformationally restricted analogues of antimitotic combretastatins. By means of the McMurry olefination process, compounds derived from diethyleneglycol and 1,6-hexanediol were obtained, whereas Grubbs' catalyst failed in producing the ring-closing metathesis to this kind of macrocyclic products.     

A new multi analytical approach for the identification of synthetic and natural dyes mixtures. The case of orcein-mauveine mixture in a historical dress of a Sicilian noblewoman of nineteenth century

Abstract

In this paper, the application of a multi-analytical approach for the characterisation of synthetic and natural dyes in a historical textile is presented. The work is focused on a historical dress of a Sicilian noblewoman, dating from about 1865–1870. Firstly, SERS on fibre was performed, in order to individuate the classes of dyes employed. The SERS spectra suggested the presence of two main dyes: mauveine and orcein. In order to confirm these preliminary results, two different extraction protocols were applied. The extracts obtained were analysed by ESI-MS, MALDI-ToF and UHPCL-MS analyses, confirming the SERS results. In particular, the application of the ammonia mild extraction technique allowed to selectively extract the phenoxazonic dyes, separating them already in the extraction step from the synthetic ones. Thanks to this multi-analytical approach, this dress could be considered as one of the first examples of employment of synthetic dyes in association with natural ones.     

Cycloaddition reactions of alkoxy alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes with o-quinodimethanes (oQDMs)

[reaction: see text] The reaction of o-quinodimethanes (oQDMs) with alkoxy alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes is highly dependent on the carbene complex. Thus, for arylalkynyl carbene complexes, the initial [4 + 2]-cycloadduct evolves opening a new entry to the benzo[b]fluorene skeleton, which is present in many natural products. However, for alkenylalkynyl carbene complexes, the reaction takes place through the double bond, instead of the triple bond, in an unprecedented fashion, leading to new functionalized alkynyl carbene complexes.     

Chemistry of dithiocarbamate derivatives of amino acids. Part II. Complexes of nickel(II) with derivatives of branched and cyclic amino acids

Summary Barium salts of the dithiocarbamate derivates of the amino acids: DL-valine, L-valine, DL-leucine, DL-isoleucine and L-proline have been synthesized. The anions have been used to obtain the corresponding nickel(II) complexes in acid form. The complexes are diamagnetic, and coordination takes place in a near-square planar geometry around the nickel(II) ion through the sulphur atoms of the dithiocarbamate moiety, the structure being confirmed by i.r.,¹H n.m.r., u.v.-vis spectros copies and by chemical analysis.No significant difference has been found between the physicochemical properties (i.r. and 'H n.m.r. spectra and magnetic properties) of the complexes prepared from the dithiocarbamate derivatives of DL- and L-valine, but d-d bands in the u.v.-vis spectra show a slight different intensity.     

Trehalose-based cyclodextrin analogs: cyclotrehalans (CTs)

A new concept for the de novo synthesis of artificial glyconanocavities is presented. The use of alternating α,α′-trehalose building blocks and (thio)urea segments allows the efficient synthesis of a new family of cyclooligosaccharides, namely cyclotrehalans (CTs), featuring a convex-shaped cavity with an apolar environment. CTs are designed to exhibit molecular inclusion abilities similar to that of cyclodextrins (CDs). Contrary to CDs, CTs expose the monosaccharide β-face to the inner cavity, while the (thio)urea tethers provides some conformational adaptability. High-yielding syntheses of a series of CTs and a preliminary evaluation of their inclusion properties are reported.