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排序方式： 共有493条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Abstract— Cells of the unicellular green alga Scenedesmus obliquus grown under high (20 W m-2 ) or low (5 W m-2 ) irradiancies of white light show all characteristics of sun or shade plants, respectively. When transferred to alternate light conditions, the cells adapt within 6 h. When cells grown under high irradiance of white light are transferred to red (683 nm) or blue (424 nm) light, they show characteristics similar to cells adapted to low or high irradiancies of white light, respectively. This adaptation to different wavelengths takes about 12 h. The underlying changes in the photosynthetic apparatus are discussed. 相似文献
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53.
Sirinporn Thamapipol Bettina Ludwig Céline Besnard E. Peter Kündig 《Helvetica chimica acta》2016,99(10):774-789
Acrolein, methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, 3‐methyl‐3‐en‐2‐one, and divinyl ketone were coordinated to a cationic cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) Lewis acid incorporating the electron‐poor bidentate BIPHOP–F ligand. Analysis by NOESY and ROESY NMR techniques allowed the determination of conformations of enals and enones present in solution in CD2Cl2. The results were compared to solid‐state structures and to the facial selectivities of catalytic asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene. X‐Ray structures of four Ru‐enal and Ru‐enone complexes show the α,β‐unsaturated C=O compounds to adopt an anti‐s‐trans conformation. In solution, enals assume both anti‐s‐trans and anti‐s‐cis conformations. An additional conformation, syn‐s‐trans, is present in enone complexes. Enantioface selectivity in the cycloaddition reactions differs for enals and enones. Reaction products indicate enals to react exclusively in the anti‐s‐trans conformation, whereas with enones, the major product results from the syn‐s‐trans conformation. The alkene in s‐cis conformations, while present in solution, is shielded and cannot undergo cycloaddition. A syn‐s‐trans conformation is found in the solid state of the bulky 6,6‐dimethyl cyclohexanone‐Ru(II) complex. The X‐ray structure of divinyl ketone is unique in that the Ru(II) center binds the enone via a η2 bond to one of the alkene moieties. In solution, coordination to Ru–C=O oxygen is adopted. A comparison of facial preference is also made to the corresponding indenyl Lewis acids. 相似文献
54.
Christine Gally Dr. Bettina M. Nestl Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hauer 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(44):12952-12956
The asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins is of special interest due to the facile transformation of the chiral diol products into valuable derivatives. Rieske non‐heme iron oxygenases (ROs) represent promising biocatalysts for this reaction as they can be engineered to efficiently catalyze the selective mono‐ and dihydroxylation of various olefins. The introduction of a single point mutation improved selectivities (≥95 %) and conversions (>99 %) towards selected alkenes. By modifying the size of one active site amino acid side chain, we were able to modulate the regio‐ and stereoselectivity of these enzymes. For distinct substrates, mutants displayed altered regioselectivities or even favored opposite enantiomers compared to the wild‐type ROs, offering a sustainable approach for the oxyfunctionalization of a wide variety of structurally different olefins. 相似文献
55.
Andreas Dunkel Martin Steinhaus Matthias Kotthoff Bettina Nowak Dietmar Krautwurst Peter Schieberle Thomas Hofmann 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(28):7124-7143
The biocatalytic production of flavor naturals that determine chemosensory percepts of foods and beverages is an ever challenging target for academic and industrial research. Advances in chemical trace analysis and post‐genomic progress at the chemistry–biology interface revealed odor qualities of nature’s chemosensory entities to be defined by odorant‐induced olfactory receptor activity patterns. Beyond traditional views, this review and meta‐analysis now shows characteristic ratios of only about 3 to 40 genuine key odorants for each food, from a group of about 230 out of circa 10 000 food volatiles. This suggests the foodborn stimulus space has co‐evolved with, and roughly match our circa 400 olfactory receptors as best natural agonists. This perspective gives insight into nature’s chemical signatures of smell, provides the chemical odor codes of more than 220 food samples, and beyond addresses industrial implications for producing recombinants that fully reconstruct the natural odor signatures for use in flavors and fragrances, fully immersive interactive virtual environments, or humanoid bioelectronic noses. 相似文献
56.
Bettina K. Zierer Matthias Weiwad Martin Rübbelke Lee Freiburger Gunter Fischer Oliver R. Lorenz Michael Sattler Klaus Richter Johannes Buchner 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(45):12257-12262
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 undergoes an ATP‐driven cycle of conformational changes in which large structural rearrangements precede ATP hydrolysis. Well‐established small‐molecule inhibitors of Hsp90 compete with ATP‐binding. We wondered whether compounds exist that can accelerate the conformational cycle. In a FRET‐based screen reporting on conformational rearrangements in Hsp90 we identified compounds. We elucidated their mode of action and showed that they can overcome the intrinsic inhibition in Hsp90 which prevents these rearrangements. The mode of action is similar to that of the co‐chaperone Aha1 which accelerates the Hsp90 ATPase. However, while the two identified compounds influence conformational changes, they target different aspects of the structural transitions. Also, the binding site determined by NMR spectroscopy is distinct. This study demonstrates that small molecules are capable of triggering specific rate‐limiting transitions in Hsp90 by mechanisms similar to those in protein cofactors. 相似文献
57.
58.
Wang A Wüstenberg B Pfaltz A 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2008,47(12):2298-2300
59.
Bettina Böhlendorf Martina Herrmann Hans-Jürgen Hecht Florenz Sasse Edgar Forche Brigitte Kunze Hans Reichenbach Gerhard Höfle 《European journal of organic chemistry》1999,1999(10):2601-2608
From cultures of Melittangium lichenicola, Archangium gephyra and Myxococcus stipitatus, thirteen new β-methoxyacrylate (MOA) fungicides related to myxothiazols ( 1 ) have been isolated. Melithiazols A ( 2a ), D ( 2b ), K ( 2c ), and L ( 2d ) are characterized by a thiazoline–thiazole system, whereas melithiazols B ( 3a ), E ( 3b ), F ( 3c ), G ( 3d ), H ( 3e ), I ( 3f ), M ( 3g ), and N ( 3h ) are bis(thiazoles). Melithiazol C ( 4 ), as the first representative of this class of compounds, contains only one thiazole ring. The structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data, and confirmed in the case of melithiazol E ( 3b ), including its relative configuration, by an X-ray structure analysis. The absolute configuration of melithiazols A ( 2a ) and B ( 3a ) was determined by degradation and CD spectroscopy. Antifungal and cytotoxic activities, inhibition of NADH oxidation, and lipophilicities of melithiazols 2–4 , myxothiazols 1 , and strobilurin-type compounds are compared. 相似文献
60.