1H-CRAMPS Solid-State NMR and X-Ray Crystal Studies of Inclusion Complexes Formed from 3,3′-bis(9-Hydroxy-9-fluorenyl)-2,2′-binaphthyl Hosts with Acetone

The crystal structures of inclusion compounds of 3,3-bis(9-hydroxy-9-fluorenyl)-2,2-binaphthyl host (1) and its chloro (2) or bromo (3) derivatives substituted in 2,7-positions of the fluorene units with acetone guests (1A–3A) were determined by X-ray studies as well as by ¹H-CRAMPS solid-state NMR. Using this NMR technique allows identification of differently bound guest molecules due to their different chemical shifts caused by the influence of the ring current effects of the host aryl units.     

Efficient search for all low energy conformations of polypeptides by Monte Carlo methods

The Metropolis Monte Carlo method has been added to the program FANTOM for energy refinement of polypeptides and proteins using a Newton–Raphson minimizer in torsion angle space. With this extension, different strategies for global minimization of the semiempirical energy function ECEPP/2 by various temperature schedules and restriction of conformational space were tested for locating local minimum conformations with low energy of the pentapeptide Met-enkephalin. In total, 1881 conformations below ?10 kcal/mol were found. These conformations could be represented by 77 nonidentical conformations which were analysed for their pattern of hydrogen bonds, types of tight turn, pairwise root-mean-square-deviation (rmsd), Zimmermann codes and side chain conformations. All low energy conformations below ?10.4 kcal/mol show strong similarity to the global minimum conformation in the backbone structure.     

Models for the Active Center of Pterin-Containing Molybdenum Enzymes: Crystal structure of a molybdenum complex with sulfur and pterin ligands

The first crystal structure of a molybdenum complex 9 with a hydrogenated pterin and a sulfur ligand contributes to the discussion about the active center of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes containing a molybdopterin cofactor. Complex 9 was synthesized through a redox reaction of [Mo^VIO₂ (LN-S₂)] ( 8 ; LN-S₂ = pyridine-2, 6-bis(methanethiolato)) with 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydropterin ( 7 ). 2 HCl (H₄Ptr.2 HCl). The complex crystallizes, with a non-coordinating Cl-atom acting as a counterion, in the monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15) with cell dimensions a = 22.900(5), b = 10.716(2), c = 17.551(4) Å, β = 120.36(3)°, and Z = 8. We interpret 9 as [Mo^IVO(LN-S₂)(H⁺-q-H₂Ptr)]Cl (q = quinonoid; H₂Ptr = dihydropterin), i.e., a Mo^IV monooxo center coordinated by a pyridine-2, 6-bis(methanethiolato) ligand and a protonated dihydropterin. The spectroscopic properties of this new complex are comparable to those of other crystalline molybdenum complexes of hydrogenated pterins without additional S-coordination. The slightly H₂O-soluble complex 9 reacts with the natural enzyme substrate DMSO very slowly, possibly due to the lack of easily dissociable ligands at the metal center.     

Electrochemical and kinetic study of oxygen in a perfluorotributylamine emulsion

Oxygen can be determined in a perfluorotributylamine emulsion used as a blood substitute by coulometry and polarography. The oxygen uptake of the emulsion (4.3 × 10^?3 mol l^?1 or 11 ml-% at 25°C and P_O2 = 760 mm Hg) is about three times greater than that of water. The adsorption of surfactant on a dropping mercury electrode changes the electrochemical parameters E_{$\text{1}\text{2}$}, α and k₃. The marked difference between the diffusion coefficients of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (ratio 2.6) seems to be proceed from the ejection of oxygen molecules from the perfluorotributylamine droplets and from the insolubility of hydrogen peroxide molecules in the droplets. The constant rate of oxygen release by these droplets was estimated to be 10⁴ s^?1 by a stopped-flow spectrophotometric method. This constant rate seems to be linked with the particle diameter (0.2 μm) and the diffusion coefficient in the perfluorotributylamine droplets (1.6 × 10^?6 cm² s^?1).     

Minimization of empirical energy functions in proteins including hydrophobic surface area effects

We present analytical expressions to calculate the gradient of the water-accessible surface area of proteins with respect to Cartesian coordinates and dihedral angles. A detailed mathematical analysis leads to corrected equations for the gradient calculation used previously in the ANAREA program. To study the hydrophobic effect of solvent-protein interactions, our expressions have been implemented to further improve the program package FANTOM. We used this version of FANTOM to minimize the ECEPP/2 and the hydrophobic energy of tendamistat. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Detection of a radical cation present in solution: New results on the chemistry of (tetrahydropteridinone)-metal complexes

This paper marks the first reported detection of radical cations by Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements have proven that the detected radical cation existed already in solution and has not been generated by the electrospray ionization technique. However, we observed that the radical cation can be generated by changes in the ionization conditions. A molar mixture of 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-methylpterin-4(4H)-one dihydrochloride ( = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-N(5)-methylpterin-2 HCl, N(5)-MTHP-2 HCl), and tris(pentane-2,4-dionato)iron(III) in MeCN at pH 2–3 leads to the formation of a [bis(pentane-2,4-dionato)(2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-methylpteridin-4 (4H)-one)]iron complex ( = [bis(pentane-2,4-dionato) (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-N(5)-methylpteridin)]iron complex) which can be detected by ESI-MS. The results suggest that this complex might be an Fe^II radical cation, which could possibly be a suitable model complex for the active center of the phenylalanine hydroxylase. In the same solution, the stable radical cation of N(5)-MTHP is identified by ESI-MS and ESR.     

Structure–Property Relationships in Click‐Derived Donor–Triazole–Acceptor Materials

To shed light on intramolecular charge‐transfer phenomena in 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked materials, a series of 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked push–pull chromophores were prepared and studied experimentally and computationally. Investigated modifications include variation of donor and/or acceptor strength and linker moiety as well as regioisomers. Photophysical characterization of intramolecular charge‐transfer features revealed ambipolar behavior of the triazole linker, depending on the substitution position. Furthermore, non‐centrosymmetric materials were subjected to second‐harmonic generation measurements, which revealed the high nonlinear optical activity of this class of materials.     

Ueber die Bestimmung des Gerbstoffs in Gerbstoffmaterialien

Ohne Zusammenfassung