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991.
The micellization behavior of an anionic gemini surfactant, GA with nonionic surfactants C12E8 and C12E5 in presence of 0.1 M NaCl at 298 K temperature, has been studied tensiometrically in pure and mixed states, and the related
physicochemical parameters (cmc, γ
cmc, pC
20, Γ
max, and A
min) have been evaluated. Tensiometric profile (γ vs log [surfactant]), for conventional surfactants, generally consists of a single point of intersection; a gradually decreasing
line (normally linear, or with slight curvature) ultimately saturates in γ at a particular [surfactant], corresponding to complete monolayer saturation. The gemini, in this report, led to two unequivocal
breaks in the tensiometric isotherm. An attempt to the interpretation of the two breaks from molecular point of view is provided,
depending solely on the chemical structure of the surfactant. The gemini, even in mixed state with the conventional nonionic
surfactants C12E5 and C12E8, manifested the dual breaks; of course, the dominance of the feature decreases with increasing mole fraction of the nonionics
in the mixture. Theories of Clint, Rosen, Rubingh, Motomura, Georgiev, Maeda, and Nagarajan have been used to determine the
interaction between surfactants at the interface and micellar state of aggregation, the composition of the aggregates, the
theoretical cmc in pure and mixed states, and the structural parameters according to Tanford and Israelachvili. Several thermodynamic
parameters have also been predicted from those theories. 相似文献
992.
An analytical method has been developed for determination of dextromethorphan (DMP) and dextrorphan (DRP) in human hair by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Hair samples (30 mg) were washed with distilled water and acetone and cut into small fragments (<1 mm) before extraction with methanol. The extracts were evaporated to dryness and then derivatized by use of BSTFA containing 1% TMCS, for preparation of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative of DRP. The extract (1 μL) was then injected into the GC–MS. Recoveries of DMP and DRP at 7.0 and 22.5 ng mg?1 were in the range 90.6–97.2% with intra-assay and inter-assay precision of less than 5.7% and 4.7%, respectively. LOD and LOQ were, respectively, 0.67 and 2.13 ng mg?1 for DMP and 0.14 and 0.47 ng mg?1 for DRP. The responses were linear with correlation coefficients (r > 0.9995) for the drugs studied. The applicability of the method was proven by analysis of authentic hair samples. 相似文献
993.
Ying Wang Pu Xiao Gang Qiang Wu Su Qing Shi Jun Nie 《中国化学快报》2007,18(8):977-980
A benzophenone derivative photoinitiator, HBP-TDI-HQ-TDI-HBP (HTCTH), was synthesized based on 4-hydroxy benzophenone (HBP), toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and hydroquinone (HQ). HTCTH was a more effective photoinitiator which had longer wavelength absorption in the UV-vis absorption spectra than the low molecular counterpart benzophenone (BP). It showed that both rate of polymerization (Rp) and final conversion (P) increased with increase of amine and HTCTH concentration in photopolymerization. 相似文献
994.
Takayuki Abe Shingo Higashide Mitsuhiro Inoue Satoshi Akamaru 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2007,27(6):799-811
Fine particles were modified with a thin film of SnO2 by using a barrel sputtering system that is a dry process. The conditions for the preparation of SnO2 were studied by reactive sputtering onto a glass plate substrate. The optimal conditions for the preparation of tetragonal
SnO2 were identified as 60% partial oxygen pressure and 1.0 Pa total gas pressure with the substrate at room temperature. Under
the optimized conditions, the surfaces of Al flake particles were modified with a thin film of SnO2. XRD and SEM/EDS analysis of the prepared samples showed that the Al particle surfaces were uniformly modified by a thin
film of SnO2 in all cases. The film thicknesses were 80, 130, and 180 nm at RF outputs of 195, 350, and 490 W. These measured thicknesses
coincided with the values estimated from the interference colors of the samples. 相似文献
995.
含氮宾的两个三核羰基铁簇合物是由[Et_3NH][HFe_3(CO)_(11)]与C_6H_5NCO在苯中反应获得。应用四园衍射仪测定了H_2Fe_3(N-C_6H_5)(CO)_9(Ⅰ)和Fe_3(N-C_6H_5)(μ_3-CO)(CO)_9(Ⅱ)的晶体结构。晶体数据为:C_(15)H_7NO_9Fe_3(Ⅰ),空间群P2_1/a,a=18.343(2),b=9.072(1),c=11.451(1)(?),β=102.03(1)°,V=1863.7(?)~3,Z=4,D_c=2.143g/cm~3;C_(16)H_5NO_(10)Fe_3(Ⅱ),空间群P2_1/c,a=8.634(1),b=13.026(1),c=17.642(2)(?),β=97.68(1)°,V=1966.3(?)~3,Z=4,D_c=1.820g/cm结构系用直接法解出,最后R_(Ⅰ)因子为0.033,R_(Ⅱ)因子为0.027。测定结果表明,(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)分子均具有C_s对称性,且三个Fe原子共面,呈近似等边三角形结构。(Ⅰ)中面桥N原子以不对称方式与三个Fe原子成键;(Ⅱ)中面桥羰基以不对称方式与三个Fe原子键连。Fe-N和Fe-C键长分别在1.896-1.938(?)和2.006-2.110(?)之间。 相似文献
996.
Controlled growth of calcium carbonate by poly(ethylenimine) at the air/water interface 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two metastable calcium carbonate polymorphs, hemispherical vaterite and needle-like aragonite, are selectively formed at the air/water interface by the mediation of poly(ethyleneimine)(with molecular weights of 25000 and 2000, respectively) dissolved in supersaturated calcium bicarbonate solution. 相似文献
997.
[formula: see text] A novel type of palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclization-coupling reaction that proceeds with suppressed beta-hydride elimination has been found. One of the N-sulfonyl oxygens is suggested to coordinatively stabilize an alkylpalladium intermediate, thus preventing the intermediate from the usual beta-elimination. This is the first sequential palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction where the Suzuki and Heck reactions can compete. The reaction provides an efficient synthetic route to 4-methylene-3-arylmethylpyrrolidines, which are not readily available by other routes. 相似文献
998.
A simple and novel method was developed to successfully synthesize N-succinyl-O-carboxymethylchitosan (NSOCMCS) using N-acylation of chitosan with succinic anhydride. The NSOCMCS structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and
1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The aggregation behaviors of NSOCMCS were studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light
scattering, and atomic force microscopy techniques. The critical aggregation concentration of NSOCMCS in water was determined
to be 0.2–0.3 mg/ml. The apparent hydrodynamic radium of an NSOCMCS aggregate was dependent on the concentration. The aggregates
demonstrated a much swollen association conformation in aqueous solution. The possible aggregation mechanisms for the NSOCMCS
in water are discussed. Moreover, a driving force to form an open aggregation morphology was revealed in this study. Aggregation
behaviors are important physicochemical properties of NSOCMCS, which impact the potential application in the biomedical field. 相似文献
999.
I. K. Battisha A. El Beyally S. Abd El Mongy A. M. Nahrawi 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2007,41(2):129-137
Structural characteristics of pure silica gel (silica-xerogel, SiO2) and silica gel doped with some rare earth elements (REEs) such as, praseodymium Pr3+, and Europium Eu3+, Erbium Er3+ and Holmium Ho3+ ions, with different concentrations ranging from 1 up to 6%, in the form of monolith materials were prepared by sol-gel technique,
Using tetra-ethoxysilane as precursor materials, which are of particular interest for sol-gel integrated optics applications.
Some structural features of sol-gel derived monolith are analyzed, namely the structure of nano-particle momolith samples,
based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). We show that the XRD spectra of α-crystobalite are
obtained for the pure samples at 1100°C and even by doping with the four REEs ions. 相似文献
1000.
Kim W Sorensen CM Chakrabarti A 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(10):3969-3973
Using small-angle light scattering we show that a new phase of soot with size ca. 10 microm and a fractal dimension of D approximately equal to 2.6 exists in laminar diffusion flames for a wide range of heavily sooting fuels. This new phase appears to be a supramicrometer extension of the well-known submicrometer, D approximately equal to 1.8 phase of soot formed via diffusion-limited cluster aggregation (DLCA). The occurrence of this new soot phase correlates with an empirical sooting index for fuels. This supports a creation scenario in which these supramicrometer aggregates are created via a percolation of the submicrometer, D approximately equal to 1.8 aggregates. 相似文献