Determination of 3'-deamino-3'-[2(S)-methoxy-4-morpholinyl]doxorubicin, a new morpholinyl anthracycline, in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 3'-deamino-3'-[2(S)-methoxy-4-morpholinyl]doxorubicin and its possible 13-dihydro metabolite in human plasma has been developed. The plasma samples were buffered and the drugs and internal standard (doxorubicin) were extracted with diethyl ether-n-butanol, back-extracted into 0.3 M phosphoric acid, then analysed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Quantitation was achieved by fluorescence detection of the eluate. The linearity, precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated. No interference from blank plasma sample was observed. The suitability of the method for in vivo samples was checked by analysis of plasma samples drawn from female rats that had received repeated intravenous doses of the test compound.     

Contribution to the Study of the Solid-state Reaction of Mercury With Pure Rhodium

Thermogravimetry (TG) and other analysis techniques (EDX, SEM, Mapping surface, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy and atomic spectrometry with cold vapor generation) were used to study the reaction of Hg with Rh. The results permitted the suggestion that, when subjected to heat, an electrodeposited Hg film reacts with Rh to form intermetallic products with different stabilities, as indicated by at least three mass loss steps. In the first step, between room temperature and 160°C, only the bulk Hg is removed. From this temperature up to about 175°C, the mass loss can be attributed to the desorption of a film of metallic Hg. The last step, from 175 to 240°C, can be ascribed to the removal of Hg from a thin dark film of RhHg₂ . This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Coordination behaviour of 2-halo-1,3,4-thiadiazoles towards cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii)

Summary A series of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) 2-X-1,3,4-thiadiazole complexes (X=Cl or Br) were investigated by electronic, n.m.r., Raman and i.r. spectroscopy, and by thermogravimetric analyses, magnetic moments and conductivity measurements.The complexes havepseudo-tetrahedral or pseudo-octa-hedral stereochemistries with MN₂X₂ (X=Cl or Br), MN₄X₂ (X=Cl, Br or O) or MN₃O₃ chromophores.The ligands are mono- or bi-dentate without involving the sulphur atom. Surprisingly, the chloro-derivative ligand seems to be more nucleophilic than the bromo-analogue.The computed (CNDO/2) molecular orbital indices for the uncomplexed ligands indicate that the coordination sites are the nitrogen atoms.In connection with our previous work⁽¹⁾ on the coordination ability of heterocyclic ligands with interesting biological^(2,3) and pharmaceutical⁽⁴⁾ properties and containing endocyclic nitrogen and sulphur donor atoms, we have considered the 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring, which is the main framework of a very important class of diuretic drugs, the sulphonamide inhibitors⁽⁵⁾ of the zinc m tallo-enzyme carbonic anhydrase.In this study we have investigated the coordination behaviour of the 2-chloro-1,3,4-thiadiazole(ctz) and the 2-bromo-1,3,4-thiadiazole (btz).     

Semisynthesis of dimeric proteins by expressed protein ligation

A one-pot synthesis of homodimeric proteins is described. The synthetic strategy is based on a double expressed protein ligation reaction between thioester peptides and a new bis-cysteinyl linker. The protocol was also applied to the synthesis of heterodimers.     

On the quantum Teichmüller invariants of fibred cusped 3-manifolds

This paper defines the pressure metric on the Moduli space of Margulis spacetimes without cusps and shows that it is positive definite on the constant entropy sections. It also demonstrates an identity regarding the variation of the cross-ratios.     

Rotamer stability in cis-[Pt(diA)G2] complexes (diA = diamine derivative and G = guanine derivative) mediated by carrier-ligand amine stereochemistry as revealed by circular dichroism spectroscopy

Extensive investigations of cis-[Pt(diA)G2] complexes (in which G = a guanine ligand; diA = a single diamine ligand) revealed the types of interactions between the two G ligands and between the G and the cis-amine substituents when diA is a diamine ligand with substituents on each nitrogen atom being a small hydrogen atom and a bulky group able to slow the rotation about the Pt-G bond. All these interactions are shown to apply also when diA = dach (1,2-diaminocyclohexane), even though this chiral primary diamine has only small N-H atoms on each side of the coordination plane. However, a slight difference in the stereochemistry of the two protons (one N-H has "quasi axial" and the other "quasi equatorial" character) is sufficient to induce a significant change in the relative stabilities of the [Pt(dach)G2] deltaHT and lambdaHT rotamers (HT = head-to-tail). The new results show that at acidic and neutral pH the induction of asymmetry from the dach ligand to the HT rotamers is governed by the G-to-G dipole-dipole interaction, which is greater for the six-membered ring of each guanine leaning towards the cis-G. Such a "six-in" canting of the two guanine ligands can be hampered by the steric interaction between the H8 of each guanine and the substituent on the cis-amine that is on the same side of the coordination plane. Such a repulsion is greater for a "quasi equatorial" N-H than for a "quasi axial" N-H. Under basic pH conditions, deprotonation of the guanine N1-H renders the O6 atom a much better hydrogen-bond acceptor; therefore, the stability of the HT rotamers is governed by the hydrogen-bond interaction of guanine O6 and the cis-amine N-H group. Such a guanine O6/N-H cis-amine interaction is stronger for a "quasi axial" than for a "quasi equatorial" N-H group. In the head-to-head (HH) rotamer, in which the electrostatic repulsion between electron-rich O6 atoms, both on the same side of the platinum coordination plane, tends to place the six-membered rings of each guanine further from the cis-guanine and closer to the cis-amine, we can expect better N-H...O6 hydrogen bonding for the "quasi equatorial" N-H groups.     

Conformational study of isotactic poly[(S)-5-methyl-1-heptene] and poly[(S)-2-methylbutyl vinyl ether] by IR spectroscopy

Infrared (IR) investigation of structurally analogous optically active polymers such as poly[(S)-5-methyl-1-heptene (1)] and poly[(S)-2-methylbutyl vinyl ether (2)] was carried out in the solid state, in the molten state, and in solution. Vibrational data are in accordance with the existence of helical conformations in solution and in the molten state for both polymers, confirming the previous suggestions based on optical rotation measurements. In particular, an accurate examination of the spectral region between 850 and 700 cm^?1, where characteristic absorptions of the sec-butyl group occur, enables us to assign the medium intensity band at 827 cm^?1 (present in both polymers in the solid state) to the GTTG^?T conformation of the side chains.     

Structural and spectral study of 7-bromo-1,3-dihydro-5-(2-pyridyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (bromazepam) platinum(II) dichloride bisdimethylsulfoxide

The synthesis and crystal and molecular structure of the title compound are reported. It belongs to the monoclinic space groupC2/c, witha=17.889(2),b=13.511(1),c=19.912(2) Å,=99.841(4)°, andZ=8. The structure was refined to a finalR of 2.77% (R _w =2.88%) for 3617 observed reflections. Vibrational spectra are recorded and discussed.     

Restricted rotation in amides—VI : Configurations and conformations of unsymmetrical tertiary benzamides

Configurational assignments in a series of N-alkyl-N-benzylbenzamides using a variety of NMR techniques lead to consistent assignments in amides with two isomers but are inconclusive for amides with single isomers. Single crystal X-ray structure determination shows the configuration of o-bromo-N-benzyl-N-t-butyl-benzamide to have the t-Bu group syn to the carbonyl oxygen. Surprisingly, the major isomer of o-chloro-N-benzyl-N-i-propylbenzamide, appears to have the opposite configuration, i.e., the i-Pr group is anti to the carbonyl oxygen. The structural details of o-bromo-N-benzyl-N-t-butylbenzamide reveal slight deviation from planarity for the amide group and chirality of the benzoyl group.     

Structural consequences of metal complexation of cyclo[Pro-Phe-Phe-Ala-Xaa]2 decapeptides

The conformational features of both free and Ca2+-complexed cyclo[Pro-Phe-Phe-Ala-Xaa]2 (with Xaa= Glu(OtBu), Lys(CIZ), Leu, and Ala) in solution have been determined by NMR spectroscopy and extensive distance-geometry calculations. The decapeptides are conformationally homogeneous in solution and show common structural features in their free and complexed forms. The structures of the free form contain only trans peptide bonds and are topologically similar to the structure of gramicidin-S, folded up in two antiparallel extended structures, stabilized by interstrand hydrogen bonds, and closed at both ends by two beta-turns. In contrast, the Ca2+-complexed peptides present two cis peptide bonds and are generally similar to those observed for the metal-complexed forms of antamanide and related analogues, folded into a saddle shape with two beta-turns. The Glu(OtBu)-, Leu-, and Lys(ClZ)-containing peptides examined here maintain the biological activity of the cyclolinopeptide A in their ability to competitively inhibit cholate uptake. The natural antamanide and cyclolinopeptide A are both able to inhibit the uptake of bile salts into hepatocytes. They share the same postulated active sequence Pro-Phe-Phe. Based on our structural results, we conclude that the ability to adopt a global conformation, characterized by a clear amphipathic separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, is an important feature for the functioning of this class of peptides.