The notions of the initial components and phases,detailed components and chemical forms in the interpretations of colligative properties of solutions

In the paper the relation of modern concepts on solutions with colligative solution properties is fully formalized. The necessity of obvious taking into account not only the well-known Vant-Hoff’s principle about universal behavior of matter in the dissipated state, but the specificity of detailed components in comparison with initial (brutto-) components. The aggregate of consequences from Gibbs fundamental equation is supplemented by means of these grounds.     

Effect of ac Polarization on Characteristics of Coatings formed from Polyphosphate Electrolytes of Ni(II) and Zn(II)

Characteristics of microplasma-produced coatings formed on an aluminum alloy under anodic and combined anodic-cathodic polarizations in electrolytes with polyphosphate complexes of Ni(II) and Zn(II) are compared.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 2, 2005, pp. 253–259.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Boguta, Rudnev, Terleeva, Belevantsev, Slonova.     

Chloro Complexes of Mercury(II) in Aqueous Perchlorate Media: Equilibrium and Electronic Absorption Spectra

The literature data on the equilibrium constants of formation of HgCl^– _{3 solv} and HgCl^2– _{4 solv} from HgCl_{2 solv} and Cl^– _solv in aqueous perchlorate–chloride solutions were generalized. The individual electronic absorption spectrum of the trichloro complex of mercury(II) was obtained for the first time, and the effect of the ionic strength on the spectra of di-, tri-, and tetrachloro complexes of mercury(II) was considered. The previously developed procedures for the resolution of absorption spectra into individual bands were found to be suitable for interpretation of spectral changes experimentally observed for solutions as the result of stepwise complexation. The parameters of the absorption bands in the spectra of chloro complexes of mercury(II) were determined.     

Medium effects on HSO 4 − formation in a mixture of isomolar solutions of hydrochloric acid and an alkali metal chloride

The strontium sulfate solubility has been studied in mixtures of isomolar MCl and HCl solutions (M = Li, Na, K, Cs) with ionic strengths of I = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 at 25°C. At I ≥ 2, the SrSO₄ solubility as a function of hydrogen ion concentration passes through a maximum in all systems but (Li,H)Cl. The position of this maximum depends only slightly on the nature and ionic strength of the medium. The presence of the maximum is unambiguous evidence that there are secondary effects of the medium associated with the substitution of H⁺ for M⁺. These effects oppose the ordinary shift of the HSO ₄ ^? formation equilibria. A method is suggested for separating these effects. The standard values of pSP⁰ and logβ⁰, determined by extrapolation to zero ionic strength, are in satisfactory agreement with the literature. The parameter α₁, which characterizes the secondary effects of the medium on one of the basic equilibrium constants (log K _S1 ^O ), increases in the order (Li,H)Cl < (Na,H)Cl < (K,H)Cl < (Cs,H)Cl.