全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7987篇 |
免费 | 795篇 |
国内免费 | 536篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5609篇 |
晶体学 | 96篇 |
力学 | 419篇 |
综合类 | 46篇 |
数学 | 691篇 |
物理学 | 2457篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 121篇 |
2022年 | 226篇 |
2021年 | 311篇 |
2020年 | 276篇 |
2019年 | 270篇 |
2018年 | 206篇 |
2017年 | 212篇 |
2016年 | 315篇 |
2015年 | 287篇 |
2014年 | 370篇 |
2013年 | 560篇 |
2012年 | 703篇 |
2011年 | 696篇 |
2010年 | 493篇 |
2009年 | 432篇 |
2008年 | 544篇 |
2007年 | 459篇 |
2006年 | 433篇 |
2005年 | 371篇 |
2004年 | 319篇 |
2003年 | 263篇 |
2002年 | 262篇 |
2001年 | 166篇 |
2000年 | 126篇 |
1999年 | 123篇 |
1998年 | 108篇 |
1997年 | 84篇 |
1996年 | 85篇 |
1995年 | 74篇 |
1994年 | 48篇 |
1993年 | 55篇 |
1992年 | 50篇 |
1991年 | 53篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有9318条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
861.
Chihiro Maeda Pyosang Kim Sung Cho Jong Kang Park Jong Min Lim Dongho Kim Prof. Dr. Josh Vura‐Weis Michael R. Wasielewski Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Shinokubo Prof. Dr. Atsuhiro Osuka Prof. Dr. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,16(17):5052-5061
meso‐Triazolyl‐appended ZnII–porphyrins were readily prepared by CuI‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of benzyl azide to meso‐ethynylated ZnII–porphyrin (click chemistry). In noncoordinating CHCl3 solvent, spontaneous assembly occurred to form tetrameric array ( 3 )2 from meso–meso‐linked diporphyrins 3 , and dodecameric porphyrin squares ( 4 )4 and ( 5 )4 from the L ‐shaped meso–meso‐linked triporphyrins 4 and 5 . The structures of these assemblies were examined by 1H NMR spectra, absorption spectra, and their gel permeation chromatography (GPC) retention time. Furthermore, the structures of the dodecameric porphyrin squares ( 4 )4 and ( 5 )4 were probed by small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) measurements in solution using a synchrotron source. Excitation‐energy migration processes in these assemblies were also investigated in detail by using both steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopic methods, which revealed efficient excited‐energy transfer (EET) between the meso–meso‐linked ZnII–porphyrin units that occurred with time constants of 1.5 ps?1 for ( 3 )2 and 8.8 ps?1 for ( 5 )4. 相似文献
862.
Ching-Hua Kuo Chia-Wen Lee I-Lin Tsai Y. Jane Tseng Jaw-Jou Kang Fu-Chuo Peng 《Talanta》2010,80(5):1672-161
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a mixture of structural-related compounds, in which aristolochic acid I (AA I) and aristolochic acid II (AA II) are reported to be correlated with Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). In this work, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine AA I and AA II in herbal products and biological fluids. By using gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of a mixture of 10 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile, AAs could be determined within 10 min. Under optimum UHPLC-MS/MS conditions, the limit of detections was 0.14 and 0.26 ng mL−1 for AA I and AA II, respectively. Run-to-run repeatability and intermediate precision of peak area for AA I and AA II were less than 5.74% relative standard deviation (RSD). Accuracy was tested by spiking 10, 100 and 1000 ng mL−1 in rat serum and the recoveries were within 76.5-92.9%. Matrix effects were within 78.8-127.7%. The developed method was successfully applied to determine AA I and AA II in several herbal products and to investigate their pharmacokinetic behavior in female Wister rats. The result shows that the developed UHPLC-MS/MS method is efficient, sensitive, and accurate for the determination of AA I and AA II in herbal products and biological samples. 相似文献
863.
Won Hee Kim Jin-Ah Kang Jin-Ah Kim Pusoon Chun Chong-Kyo Lee Hyung Ryong Moon 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(9):1706-5156
The first synthesis of 2′-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl nucleosides, a novel class of bicyclonucleosides, with a north conformation was successfully accomplished starting from (S)-epichlorohydrin via a tandem alkylation-lactonization, a less steric hindrance-dependent silylation in equilibrium and a coupling reaction with nucleobases under Vorbruggen conditions. Addition of acetic acid prevented a benzoyl group from migrating during desilylation with TBAF. 1H NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis indicated that the anomeric effect worked on the β-2′-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl nucleosides. 相似文献
864.
Identically sized Au clusters are grown on the Si(111)-(7×7) surface by room temperature deposition of Au atoms and subsequent annealing at low-temperature. The topographical images investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy show a bias-dependent feature. The current-voltage properties measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy indicate some semiconducting characteristics of the Au adsorbed surface, which is attributable to the saturation of Si dangling bonds. These experimental results, combined with the simulated scanning tunneling microscopy images and the first-principles adsorption energy calculations, show that the Au cluster is most likely to have a Au(6)Si(3) structure. In the Au(6)Si(3) cluster, three adsorbed Au atoms replace the three Si center adatoms, forming a hollow triangle, while the replaced Si atoms and other three Au atoms connect into a hexagon locating within the triangle. The formation mechanism of this atomic configuration is intimately associated with the complicated chemical valences of Au and the specific annealing conditions. 相似文献
865.
We present a theoretical and numerical modeling study of the multiphysicochemical process in electrokinetic transport in silica nanochannels. The electrochemical boundary condition is solved by considering both the chemical equilibrium on solid-liquid interfaces and the salt concentration enrichment caused by the double layer interaction. The transport behavior is modeled numerically by solving the governing equations using the lattice Poisson-Boltzmann method. The framework is validated by good agreements with the experimental data for all range of ionic concentrations. The modeling results suggest that when the double layers interact, the bulk salt concentration enrichment results in the saturation of conductances for low ionic concentrations. Both the streaming conductance and the electrical conductance are enhanced by the double layer interaction, and such enhancements diminish when the channel size is larger than 10 times of the Debye length. The streaming conductance increases with pH almost linearly when pH < 8, while the electrical conductance increases with pH exponentially. 相似文献
866.
867.
Bai Sun Minqiang Li Fang Zhang Yu Zhong Nansheng Kang Wei Lu Jinhuai Liu 《Microchemical Journal》2010,95(2):293-297
A prototype setup for detecting illicit materials by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) has been developed. The obtained results of NaCl by the equipment suggest that the total measurement system is reliable and can be used to detect different kinds of materials. The tests of TNT, methamphetamine and heroin are also performed on this equipment and the related EDXRD spectra are obviously influenced by the detecting angle and the X-ray sources. The detecting angle of 10° is more suitable for detecting TNT and methamphetamine, while 12° is better for heroin. Moreover, the curves of TNT, methamphetamine and heroin emitted by W target have more diffraction peaks than those emitted by Cu or Mo target, while the peak intensities of TNT and methamphetamine emitted by Mo are stronger than those emitted by Cu or W target. The curve of methamphetamine emitted by Mo target shows a special characteristic and exhibits a super strong diffraction peak located at 1.62 Å− 1, which can be attributed to the effect arising from Mo kα and kβ. 相似文献
868.
Solid phase extraction with electrospun nanofibers for determination of retinol and α-tocopherol in plasma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A novel packed-fiber solid phase extraction procedure based on electrospun nanofibers for simultaneous determination of vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) in human plasma has been developed. Parameters affecting extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. The limit of detection is 0.01 μg mL?1 for retinol, and 0.3 μg mL?1 for α-tocopherol. The linear range is from 0.05 to 2.0 μg mL?1 for retinol, and from 0.5 to 30 μg mL?1 for α-tocopherol. The precision (RSD) is <6%, and the relative recovery >90%. The method was applied to analysis of retinol and α-tocopherol in human plasma with satisfactory results. 相似文献
869.
870.
B. J. Park J. K. Yeon W. S. Lim S. K. Kang J. W. Bae G. Y. Yeom M. S. Jhon S. H. Shin K. S. Chang J. I. Song Y. T. Lee J. H. Jang 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2010,30(5):633-640
Highly selective and low damage etching of the GaAs cap layer on AlGaAs is essential in fabricating GaAs/AlGaAs high electron mobility transistors. The GaAs on AlGaAs was etched using a low energy Cl2/O2 neutral beam and the Schottky device characteristics fabricated on the exposed AlGaAs were compared with those fabricated after the etching using wet etching and a Cl2/O2 ion beam. Using a low energy Cl2/O2 ion beam or a Cl2/O2 neutral beam, highly selective etching of the GaAs cap layer to AlGaAs similar to wet etching could be achieved through the formation of Al2O3 on the exposed AlGaAs during the etching. When the electrical characteristics of the Schottky devices were compared, the devices fabricated after the etching using the neutral beam showed the best electrical characteristics such as electrical stability, low leakage current, higher barrier height, etc. by showing low damage to the exposed AlGaAs surface. 相似文献