Concentration-dependent dual behavior of hydrophilic ionic liquid in changing properties of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate

Modifying physicochemical properties of aqueous surfactant solutions in favorable fashion by addition of environmentally benign room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) has enormous future potential. Due to its unusual properties, an IL may demonstrate a unique role in altering the properties of aqueous surfactant solutions. Changes in the properties of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, upon addition of a common and popular "hydrophilic" ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF4] are presented. Addition of low concentrations of [bmim][BF4] (i.e., 相似文献   

S-wave baryons in an equally mixed scalar-vector square root potential model of independent quarks

A relativistic model of independent quarks based on Dirac equation with an equally mixed scalar-vector square root confining potential is used to compute the quark core contributions to the static properties like magnetic moments, charge radii and axial vector coupling constant ratios of the baryon octet. The results obtained with appropriate corrections due to centre-of-mass motion agree fairly well with experimental values. The model is also extended to the study of magnetic moments of the quark core of baryons in the charmed andb-flavoured sectors and the overall predictions so obtained compare well with other model predictions.     

Coherent potential approximation for a disordered diatomic linear chain having diagonal and off-diagonal randomness

A coherent potential approximation (cpa) for a mixed diatomic linear chain including both mass and force constant changes has been developed. In this case an impurity atom substituted at a particular site in one of the sublattices couples with two nearest neighbour atoms in the other sublattices. The diatomic linear chain is therefore considered as a tetratomic linear chain, the size of the unit cell being twice the original. Thecpa density of states and the dielectric susceptibility have been calculated. The numerical values of the later have been calculated in theata (averaget-matrix approximation) limit. Comparison of these results with the experimental and other computer calculations show a qualitative agreement.     

Observation of radiative B-->phi K gamma decays

The radiative decay B-->phi K gamma is observed for the first time. The branching fraction for the charged B--->phi K- gamma decay mode is measured to be B(B--->phi K- gamma)=(3.4+/-0.9+/-0.4)x10(-6). The photon energy distribution for the B--->phi K- gamma decay is presented. The signal for the neutral B(0)-->phi K(0)gamma decay mode is not statistically significant and an upper limit, B(B(0)-->phi K(0)gamma)<8.3x10(-6) at 90% C.L., is set. The analysis is based on a data set of 90 fb(-1) collected by the Belle experiment at the e(+)e(-) asymmetric collider KEKB.     

Measurement of branching fractions for B-->eta(c)K(*) decays

We report measurements of branching fractions for charged and neutral B-->eta(c)K decays where the eta(c) meson is reconstructed in the K(0)(S)K+/-pi(-/+), K+K-pi(0), K(*0)K-pi(+), and pp; decay channels. The neutral B0 channel is a CP eigenstate and can be used to measure the CP violation parameter sin(2phi(1). We also report the first observation of the B0-->eta(c)K(*0) mode. The results are based on an analysis of 29.1 fb(-1) of data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB.     

Phonon frequency shift and effect of correlation on the electron-phonon interaction in heavy fermion systems

The electron-phonon interaction in the periodic Anderson model (PAM) is considered. The PAM incorporates the effect of onsite Coulomb interaction (U) between f-electrons. The influence of Coulomb correlation U on the phonon response of the system is studied by evaluating the phonon spectral function for various parameters of the model. The numerical evaluation of the spectral function is carried out in the long wavelength limit at finite temperatures keeping only linear terms in U. The observed behaviour is found to agree well with the general features obtained experimentally for some heavy fermion (HF) systems.     

Effect of added ionic liquid on aqueous Triton X-100 micelles

Addition of ionic liquids to aqueous surfactant solutions can alter/modify physicochemical properties of such systems in favorable manner. Changes in the properties of aqueous solutions of a useful nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) are assessed upon addition of 2.1 wt% of a common and popular ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF6). It is shown that the solubility of 'hydrophobic' bmimPF6 in aqueous TX-100 increases with TX-100 concentration. This observation combined with the conductivity data strongly indicates partitioning of bmimPF6 into TX-100 micellar phase. Behavior of a variety of molecular absorbance [methyl orange, phenol blue, and N,N-diethyl-4-nitroaniline] and fluorescence [phenyl on the TX-100, pyrene, pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde, 2-(p-toluidino)naphthalene-6-sulfonate, and 1,3-bis-(1-pyrenyl)propane] probes further confirm this observation. Statistically insignificant increase in critical micelle concentration (cmc) and decrease in aggregation number (N(agg)) of TX-100 micelles are observed upon addition of 2.1 wt% bmimPF6. Based on the overall data, it is inferred that ionic liquid bmimPF6 partitions into the TX-100 micellar phase; presence of bmimPF6 both close to the core as well as in the palisade layer of TX-100 micelles is suggested. Presence of favorable interactions (e.g., H-bonding, dipole-induced dipole, among others) between bmimPF6 and TX-100 is proposed to be the reason for these observations.     

Electromagnetic form factors of nucleons in a relativistic square-root potential model of independent quarks

The nucleon electromagnetic form factorsG _E ^P (q²),G _M ^P (q²) and the axial-vector form factor G_A(q²) are studied in a relativistic model of independent quarks confined by an equally mixed scalar-vector square root potentialV _q(r)=1/2(1+γ ⁰)(ar ^1/2+ν ₀) taking into account the appropriate centre-of-mass corrections. The respective root-mean-square radii associated withG _E ^P (q²) and G _A (q²) come out as [〈r ²〉 _E ^P ]^1/2=0.86 fm and 〈r _A ² 〉^1/2=0.88 fm. Restoration of chiral symmetry in this model is discussed to derive the pion-nucleon form factorG _πNN(q²) and consequently the pion-nucleon coupling constant is obtained asg _πNN(q²)=12.81 as compared tog _πNN(q²)_exp⋍13.     

Synthesis of spiroindene-1,3-dione isothiazolines via a cascade michael/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1,3,4-oxathiazol-2-one and 2-arylidene-1,3-indandiones

The reaction of 1,3,4-oxathiazol-2-one derivative with 2-arylidene-1,3-indandione to furnish novel spiroindene-1,3-dione isothiazoline derivatives by Michael/1,3-dipolar [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction was investigated. The key 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction step was examined in toluene solvent at reflux temperature to obtain mixture of two regioisomers (6a and 6b – 14a and 14b) and single isomers (15–20). The scope of this new reaction was demonstrated with many examples with high reactivity and yields.