Functional Polymers. XXII. Ultraviolet Absorbers with 2(2-Hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazole and 2-Hydroxybenzophenone (or Acetophenone) Chromophors in the Same Molecule

Benzotriazolization of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone has given dibenzotriazolized products: 3,5- [di (2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)]2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, and 3,5-[di (2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)] 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone. These compounds are expected to be effective and useful UV absorbers as they both have the 2 (2-hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazole unit and the 2-hydroxybenzophenone (or acetophenone) unit in the molecule. The compounds were characterized by their spectral behavior and particularly by careful study of their UV spectrum.     

Polymer morphology: Pure and applied

Polymer morphology has a unique role in macromolecular science. Because it deals primarily with images of microstructure, revealing actual organization in its inherent complexity rather than as oversimplified models, it provides a special wealth of information from which to draw inferences on molecular and other mechanisms involved in its formation and on the consequences for properties. The essential first step is to image the microstructure to allow the eye-brain combination to use its outstanding ability to interpret complex textural patterns. Not only have continual gains in fundamental understanding stemmed from corresponding advances in our ability to reveal and study morphology but so have insights leading to improved properties. These themes are illustrated with recent results for both pure and applied topics. The origin of spherulitic growth, the principal determinant of texture and thus properties in polymers, is a long-standing, sometimes controversial, issue. Now study of an academic system, monodisperse paraffins, has clearly negated the long-standing hypothesis of the responsibility of “impurities” in the melt. It also strongly supports previous suggestions that the essential cause is divergence of adjacent dominant lamellae from their branch points, due to the pressure of uncrystallized molecular cilia. The value of morphological studies in the development of commercial materials is illustrated, firstly, for advanced polyethylene fibers, both compacted and individual, in which novel longitudinal defects have been discovered, and then by details of impact-related failure in polypropylene copolymers.     

Antimon, Zinn und Blei

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zu der Bestimmung des Anthracens

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Working group report: Heavy-ion physics and quark-gluon plasma

This is the report of Heavy Ion Physics and Quark-Gluon Plasma at WHEPP-09 which was part of Working Group-4. Discussion and work on some aspects of quark-gluon plasma believed to have created in heavy-ion collisions and in early Universe are reported.     

Quantum space-times in the year 2002

We review certain emergent notions on the nature of space-time from noncommutative geometry and their radical implications. These ideas of space-time are suggested from developments in fuzzy physics, string theory, and deformation quantization. The review focuses on the ideas coming from fuzzy physics. We find models of quantum space-time like fuzzy S ⁴ on which states cannot be localized, but which fluctuate into other manifolds like CP³. New uncertainty principles concerning such lack of localizability on quantum space-times are formulated. Such investigations show the possibility of formulating and answering questions like the probability of finding a point of a quantum manifold in a state localized on another one. Additional striking possibilities indicated by these developments is the (generic) failure of CPT theorem and the conventional spin-statistics connection. They even suggest that Planck’s ‘constant’ may not be a constant, but an operator which does not commute with all observables. All these novel possibilities arise within the rules of conventional quantum physics, and with no serious input from gravity physics.     

Fundamental uncertainty in the BAO scale from isocurvature modes

Small fractions of isocurvature perturbations correlated with the dominant adiabatic mode are shown to be a significant primordial systematic for Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) surveys which must be accounted for in future surveys. Isocurvature modes distort the standard ruler distance by broadening and shifting the peak in the galaxy correlation function. While a single isocurvature mode does not significantly degrade dark energy constraints, the general case with multiple isocurvature modes leads to biases that exceed 7σ on average in the dark energy parameters even for isocurvature amplitudes undetectable by Planck. Accounting for all isocurvature modes corrects for this bias but degrades the dark energy figure of merit by at least 50% in the case of the Boss experiment. However the BAO data in turn provides significantly stronger constraints on the nature of the primordial perturbations. Future large galaxy surveys will thus be powerful probes of exotic physics in the early Universe in addition to helping pin down the nature of dark energy.