Green Synthesis of CeO2 Nanoparticles from the Abelmoschus esculentus Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant,Anticancer, Antibacterial,and Wound-Healing Activities

Metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the biological method represent the most recent research in nanotechnology. This study reports the rapid and ecofriendly approach for the synthesis of CeO₂ nanoparticles mediated using the Abelmoschus esculentus extract. The medicinal plant extract acts as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The characterization of CeO₂ NPs was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro cytotoxicity of green synthesized CeO₂ was assessed against cervical cancerous cells (HeLa). The exposure of CeO₂ to HeLa cells at 10–125 µg/mL caused a loss in cellular viability against cervical cancerous cells in a dose-dependent manner. The antibacterial activity of the CeO₂ was assessed against S. aureus and K. pneumonia. A significant improvement in wound-healing progression was observed when cerium oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into the chitosan hydrogel membrane as a wound dressing.     

Boundary Layer Flow over a Curved Surface Imbedded in Porous Medium

This research is made to visualize the boundary layer flow by a curved stretching sheet embedded in porous medium. The geometry is bended(curved), therefore the curvilinear coordinates are used to model the present problem.Fluid is electrically conducting with the presence of uniform magnetic field. The governing non-linear partial differential equation reduces to non-linear ordinary differential equations by using the dimensionless suitable transformations. The numerical solutions are obtained by using the method bvp4c from MATLAB. The effects of curvature parameter, nondimensional magnetic parameter, and porosity parameter on the velocity field and skin friction coefficient are examined.The skin friction profile enhances with enhancing the values of porosity and magnetic parameter. Comparison of the present results with the existing results in the literature for the flat surface is also given.     

Eco-friendly synthesis of pyrimidines and its derivatives: A review on broad spectrum bioactive moiety with huge therapeutic profile

Among all heterocyclic compounds, pyrimidine is of prime interest, exhibit broad spectrum of biological activities, because of its occurrence in deoxyribonucleic acid bases. The bioactive moiety pyrimidine has a voluminous therapeutic profile as it is a vital component of a series of natural composites and chemotherapeutic drugs. Since from last 50–60 years, this motif has been used commendably against bacterial, tuberculosis viral, malarial, fungal, and cancerous contagions. Recently, numerous pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and discussed here, fused with other heterocyclic moieties, pyrazole, coumarine, triazole, alkenyloxindole, hydrazine and others, were also investigated for their bioactivities. Amid all recently reported compounds, several exhibit potentials against breast cancer cell lines. Intensive research has been performed and is going ahead with distinctive emphasis on antineoplastic potential of pyrimidine. These widespread medicinal attributes impulse scientists to synthesize more and more biologically active pyrimidine composites by following simple and eco-friendly routes.     

Facile large-scale fabrication of proton conducting channels

A new approach to the facile large-scale fabrication of robust silicon membranes with artificial proton conducting channels is presented. Ordered two-dimensional macroporous silicon was rendered proton conducting by growing a thick uniform polyelectrolyte brush using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization throughout the porous matrix. The fabricated silicon-poly(sulfopropyl methacrylate) hybrid membranes were evaluated for their proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity, and water uptake. With proton conductivities in the range of 10(-2) S/cm, these proof-of-concept experiments highlight a promising alternative for producing tailorable proton conducting membranes. This approach constitutes a benchmark for the preparation and study of model systems and, in addition, for the large-scale fabrication of membranes suitable for a wide range of technological applications.     

An Injectable Integration of Autologous Bioactive Concentrated Growth Factor and Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogel with Efficient Growth Factor Release and 3D Spatial Structure for Accelerated Wound Healing

Growth factors are essential for wound healing owing to their multiple reparative effects. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a third-generation platelet extract containing various endogenous growth factors. Herein, a CGF extract solution is combined with gelatin methacrylate (GM) by physical blending to produce GM@CGF hydrogels for wound repair. The GM@CGF hydrogels show no immune rejection during autologous transplantation. Compared to CGF, GM@CGF hydrogels not only exhibit excellent plasticity and adhesivity but also prevent rapid release and degradation of growth factors. The GM@CGF hydrogels display good injectability, self-healing, swelling, and degradability along with outstanding cytocompatibility, angiogenic functions, chemotactic functions, and cell migration-promoting capabilities in vitro. The GM@CGF hydrogel can release various effective molecules to rapidly initiate wound repair, stimulate the expressions of type I collagen, transform growth factor β1, epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, promote the production of granulation tissues, vascular regeneration and reconstruction, collagen deposition, and epidermal cell migration, as well as prevent excessive scar formation. In conclusion, the injectable GM@CGF hydrogel can release various growth factors and provide a 3D spatial structure to accelerate wound repair, thereby providing a foundation for the clinical application and translation of CGF.     

On topological properties of poly honeycomb networks

Topological indices are numerical parameters of a graph which characterize its topology and are usually graph invariant. In QSAR/QSPR study, physico-chemical properties and topological indices such as the Randi?, the atom-bond connectivity (ABC) and the geometric-arithmetic (GA) indices are used to predict the bioactivity of chemical compounds. Graph theory has found a considerable use in this area of research. In this paper, we study poly honeycomb networks which are generated by a honeycomb network of dimension n and derive analytical closed results for the general Randi? index \(R_\alpha (G)\) for different values of \(\alpha \), for a David derived network \((\textit{DD}(n))\) of dimension n, a dominating David derived network \((\textit{DDD}(n))\) of dimension n as well as a regular triangulene silicate network of dimension n. We also compute the general first Zagreb, ABC, GA, \(\textit{ABC}_4\) and \(\textit{GA}_5\) indices for these poly honeycomb networks for the first time and give closed formulas of these degree based indices in case of poly honeycomb networks.     

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Peganum harmala Extracts: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Peganum harmala (P. harmala) belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, and is utilized in the traditional medicinal systems of Pakistan, China, Morocco, Algeria, and Spain to treat several chronic health disorders. The aim of the present study was to identify the chemical constituents and to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and toxicity effects of P. harmala extracts both in vitro and in vivo. Sequential crude extracts including 100% dichloromethane, 100% methanol, and 70% aqueous methanol were obtained and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was investigated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method in mice, whereas the toxicity of the most active extract was evaluated using an acute and subacute toxicity rat model. In addition, we have used the bioassay-guided approach to obtain potent fractions, using solvent–solvent partitioning and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography from active crude extracts; identification and quantification of compounds from the active fractions was achieved using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography techniques. Results revealed that the 100% methanol extract of P. harmala exhibits significant in vitro antioxidant activity in DPPH assay with an IC₅₀ of 49 µg/mL as compared to the standard quercetin with an IC₅₀ of 25.4 µg/mL. The same extract exhibited 63.0% inhibition against serum albumin denaturation as compared to 97% inhibition by the standard diclofenac sodium in an in vitro anti-inflammatory assay, and in vivo anti-inflammatory against carrageenan-induced paw edema (75.14% inhibition) as compared to 86.1% inhibition caused by the standard indomethacin. Furthermore, this extract was not toxic during a 14 day trial of acute toxicity when given at a dose of 3 g/kg, indicating that the lethal dose (LD₅₀) of P. harmala methanol extract was greater than 3 g/kg. P. harmala methanolic fraction 2 obtained using bioassay-guided fractionation showed the presence of quinic acid, peganine, harmol, harmaline, and harmine, confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and quantified using external standards on high performance liquid chromatography. Taken all together, the current investigation further confirms the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and safety aspects of P. harmala, which justifies its use in folk medicine.