Synthesis and reactivity of enediynyl amino acids and peptides: a novel concept in lowering the activation energy of Bergman cyclisation by H-bonding and electrostatic interactions

Novel enediynyl amino acids and peptides 3 and 5-8 were synthesized and their thermal reactivity towards Bergman cyclization studied and compared with the earlier reported amino acid 4, which demonstrated, for the first time, the effect of H-bonding and electrostatic interactions in lowering the activation energy of Bergman cyclization.     

Flexible software reliability growth model with testing effort dependent learning process

A lot of importance has been attached to the testing phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It is during this phase it is checked whether the software product meets user requirements or not. Any discrepancies that are identified are removed. But testing needs to be monitored to increase its effectiveness. Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs) that specify mathematical relationships between the failure phenomenon and time have proved useful. SRGMs that include factors that affect failure process are more realistic and useful. Software fault detection and removal during the testing phase of SDLC depend on how testing resources (test cases, manpower and time) are used and also on previously identified faults. With this motivation a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) based SRGM is proposed in this paper which is flexible enough to describe various software failure/reliability curves. Both testing efforts and time dependent fault detection rate (FDR) are considered for software reliability modeling. The time lag between fault identification and removal has also been depicted. The applicability of our model is shown by validating it on software failure data sets obtained from different real software development projects. The comparisons with established models in terms of goodness of fit, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Mean of Squared Errors (MSE), etc. have been presented.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel triazole-biscoumarin conjugates as potential antitubercular and anti-oxidant agents

Research on Chemical Intermediates - The synthesis of a new series of triazole-biscoumarin conjugates by using a molecular hybridization approach is described. The newly synthesized compounds...     

Bifurcation analysis of the Zhukovskii-Volterra system via bi-Hamiltonian approach

The main goal of this paper consists of bifurcation analysis of classical integrable Zhukovskii-Volterra system. We use the fact that the ZV system is bi-Hamiltonian and apply new techniques [1] for analysis of singularities of bi-Hamiltonian systems, which can be formulated as follows: the structure of singularities of a bi-Hamiltonian system is determined by that of the corresponding compatible Poisson brackets.     

Lower bounds for adaptive locally decodable codes

An error‐correcting code is said to be locally decodable if a randomized algorithm can recover any single bit of a message by reading only a small number of symbols of a possibly corrupted encoding of the message. Katz and Trevisan 12 showed that any such code C : {0, 1}ⁿ → Σ^m with a decoding algorithm that makes at most q probes must satisfy m = Ω((n/log |Σ|)^q/(q?1)). They assumed that the decoding algorithm is non‐adaptive, and left open the question of proving similar bounds for adaptive decoders. We show m = Ω((n/log |Σ|)^q/(q?1)) without assuming that the decoder is nonadaptive. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005     

Ultratrace Analysis of Dopamine Using a Combination of Imprinted Polymer-Brush-Coated SPME and Imprinted Polymer Sensor Techniques

A combination approach in solid-phase microextraction, based on a molecularly imprinted polymer-brush coating on an optical fiber coupled with a complementary molecularly imprinted polymer sensor, has been adopted for isolation, preconcentration, and analysis of dopamine at ultratrace levels in highly dilute aqueous samples. This combination enabled enhanced (up to 8.5-fold) preconcentration of the analyte, which is appropriate for achieving a stringent detection limit in clinical diagnosis of several neurodegenerative diseases. The detection limit of dopamine in biological samples was 0.018 ng mL^?1 with a relative standard deviation less than 2.1% and without any non-specific contributions.     

Population Genetic Structure and Marker Trait Associations Using Morphological,Phytochemical and Molecular Parameters in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Habenaria edgeworthii</Emphasis>—a Threatened Medicinal Orchid of West Himalaya,India

Habenaria edgeworthii Hook. f. ex Collett is an important terrestrial orchid used in different Ayurvedic formulations. In the present study, variations among morphological, phytochemical and molecular markers were assessed. A significant difference was observed among populations using morphological traits. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) data revealed lower genetic diversity at population level (He = 0.207) as compared to species level (He = 0.334). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates 74 % variation among populations and 26 % within population. Tuber extracts showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher total phenolics and flavonoids among the populations. Antioxidant activity determined by 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays exhibited considerable antioxidant potential. Furthermore, the associations between molecular and morphological and phytochemical attributes were studied using multiple regression analysis (MRA). Several ISSR fragments were associated with some morphological and phytochemical traits. These ISSR fragments can be useful for breeding programme of the species when no other genetic information, such as linkage maps and quantitative trait loci, is available.     

Nonaqueous catalytic water oxidation

The complex [Ru(Mebimpy)(bpy)(OH(2))](2+) [Mebimpy = 2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine] and its 4,4'-(PO(3)H(2)CH(2))(2)bpy derivative on oxide electrodes are water oxidation catalysts in propylene carbonate and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) to which water has been added as a limiting reagent. The rate of water oxidation is greatly enhanced relative to that with water as the solvent and occurs by a pathway that is first-order in H(2)O; an additional pathway that is first-order in acetate appears when TFE is used as the solvent.