Plant polysaccharides I. Polysaccharides ofLagochilus and their biological activity

Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 313–314, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted November 7, 1994.     

Logarithmic corrections in a quantization rule. The polaron spectrum

A nonlinear integrodifferential equation that arises in polaron theory is considered. The integral nonlinearity is given by a convolution with the Coulomb potential. Radially symmetric solutions are sought. In the semiclassical limit, an equation for the self-consistent potential is found and studied. The potential has a logarithmic singularity at the origin, and also a turning point at 1. The phase shifts at these points are determined. The quantization rule that takes into account the logarithmic corrections gives a simple asymptotic formula for the polaron spectrum. Global semiclassical solutions of the original nonlinear equation are constructed.Moscow Institute of Electronic Engineering; Moscow Power Institute. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 78–93, October, 1993.     

Numerical Study on Population Inversion and Lasing Conditions in an Optically Thick Recombining Helium Plasma

Lasing conditions for He I in a cold recombining helium plasma are numerically discussed including optical thicknesses. A collisional radiative model is used to calculate population densities. We discuss the effect of self absorptions by the background residual gas on the lasing conditions quantitatively. The optical thickness is essential in the calculation and affects the population inversions between level pairs of the singlet state drastically, while those of the triplet state are not affected very much. In the optically thin plasma, the laser lower levels of the singlet state depopulate mainly through radiative transitions. On the other hand, they depopulate mainly through electron collisional deexcitations in the optically thick plasma. Results of the calculations are verified by the spectroscopic observations of an arc-heated magnetically trapped expanding plasma jet generator which we developed. The requirement for the background pressure in which the lasing is possible is discussed quantitatively.     

Molecular addressing? Studies on light-induced reorientation in liquid-crystalline side chain polymers

Polarized light leads to an effective reorientation of the optic axis in the glassy state of liquid-crystalline side chain polymers containing azobenzene mesogenic groups, via a trans-cis and cis-trans isomerization. Using a combination of U V and IR dichroitic studies it is shown for copolymers consisting of chromophores (azobenzene) and non-chromophores (phenylbenzoate) that only the chromophores are reoriented by light as far as the glassy state is concerned. Individual chromophores are thus addressed by photoselection. Photoselection in the fluid nematic state, on the other hand, leads also to a reorientation of the non-chromophores.     

A shock tube study of the reaction of methyl radicals with hydroxyl radicals

The reaction of CH₃ with OH has been studied near 1200 K and 1 atmosphere pressure in shock tube experiments in which UV absorption was used to monitor [OH]. A rate coefficient of (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10¹³ cm³/mol-s was measured for removal of OH by CH₃. This measured value is compared with previous experimental data and calculations. Several possible reaction channels are discussed, and although products were not monitored, it seems probable, on the basis of other work and theoretical estimates, that the primary mechanism (?75%) for the removal of OH by CH₃ at these conditions is their combination to form CH₃OH. Rate coefficients of (5.3 ± 0.8) × 10¹² and (9.0 ± 1.4) × 10¹² cm³/mol-s were measured for the reactions of OH with acetone and ethane, respectively, at the same temperature and pressure.     

Radioactive waste treatment using natural Syrian bentonite

The uptake of¹³⁷Cs and⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y onto Syrian bentonite has been studed, using batch and column tracer techniques in order to investigate its utilization for aqueous radioactive effluent treatment. Parameters influencing the percent uptake considered and studied in this work are: nuclide concentration, pH of the aqueous phase, heat treatment and particle size. Leaching experiments using natural sea and ground waters were carried out on bentonite/cement composites. They demonstrated the effectiveness of calcination and cement containment.     

Sample preparation for chromatographic analysis of food.

Sampling, homogenisation and sample preparation prior to chromatographic injection of food analytes are designed to enhance accuracy and precision. The reduction of inherent errors introduced by these steps requires the analyst's attention as a matter of course. Methods and examples of minimising errors in each step are reviewed.     

Incremental evolution of induced anisotropy

The aim of this article is to define a model that describes the evolution of the yield surface during plasticity. We propose a modelisation that is completely different from the classical approach as far as conception is concerned. It consists of describing the yield surface evolution with the help of velocity. The yield function is not directly known but is obtained by integrating a differential law starting from an initial surface. A very simple evolution law is used; the complexity of the induced anisotropy is obtained by incremental accumulation.