The effect of Er3+ and Sm3+ on phase separation and crystallization in Na2O/K2O/BaF2/BaO/Al2O3/SiO2 glasses

Thermal annealing of Sm⁺³ or Er⁺³ doped Na₂O/K₂O/BaF₂/BaO/Al₂O₃/SiO₂ glasses led to the precipitation of nanocrystalline BaF₂. The mean crystallite sizes were in the range from 9 to 15 nm as shown by XRD line broadening. Whereas glasses without rare earth oxides showed crystallites homogenously dispersed in the amorphous matrix, those doped with 0.05 mol% ErF₃ or SmF₃ showed highly agglomerated crystals. The latter was due to droplet phase separation in the rare earth doped glasses as proved by transmission electron microscopy while in the undoped glasses phase separation did not occur. Furthermore, the size of the droplets depended on the BaO-concentration. Fluorescence emission spectra of a samarium doped sample showed higher intensities than in the glasses they were prepared from.     

Phenolic characterization of Northeast Portuguese propolis: usual and unusual compounds

In this study, an ethanolic extract from Portuguese propolis was prepared, fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the identification of the phenolic compounds was done by electrospray mass spectrometry in the negative mode. This technical approach allowed the identification of 37 phenolic compounds, which included not only the typical phenolic acids and flavonoids found in propolis from temperate zones but also several compounds in which its occurrence have never been referred to in the literature. Four of the novel phenolic compounds were methylated and/or esterified or hydroxylated derivatives of common poplar flavonoids, although six peculiar derivatives of pinocembrin/pinobanksin, containing a phenylpropanoic acid derivative moiety in their structure, were also identified. Furthermore, the Portuguese propolis sample was shown to contain a p-coumaric ester derivative dimer.     

活性炭/CoFe2O4复合物的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

通过低温回流法制备了具有磁分离响应的活性碳(AC)与CoFe₂O₄的复合物AC/CoFe₂O₄（MAC）。采用批式吸附实验法对MAC吸附溶液中偶氮染料亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附动力学过程及吸附平衡进行了研究,考察了溶液初始pH值对MAC吸附MB的影响。结果表明,MAC吸附MB的过程很快,20 min几乎达到平衡。MAC吸附MB过程可以用准二级动力学方程描述。等温吸附过程服从Langmuir方程,MAC对MB的饱和吸附容量为120.48 mg/g。在较低pH值时,MB吸附量较小。随着pH值的升高,MAC对MB的吸附量增大。     

超疏水表面微纳二级结构对冷凝液滴最终状态的影响

从超疏水表面(SHS)上初始冷凝液核长大、合并、形成初始液斑开始,分析计算了冷凝液斑变形成为Wenzel或Cassie液滴过程中界面能量的变化,并以界面能曲线降低、是否取最小值为判据,确定冷凝液滴的最终稳定状态.计算结果表明:在只有微米尺度的粗糙结构表面上,冷凝液滴的界面能曲线一般都是先降低再升高,呈现Wenzel状态;而当表面具有微纳米二级粗糙结构,且纳米结构的表面空气面积分率较高时,冷凝液滴的能量曲线持续降低,直至界面能最小的Cassie状态,因此可以自发地形成Cassie液滴.还计算了文献中具有不同结构参数的SHS上冷凝液滴的状态和接触角,并与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明,计算的冷凝液滴状态与实验观察结果完全吻合.因此,微纳二级结构是保持冷凝液滴在SHS上呈现Cassie状态的重要因素.     

聚苯胺/ZnFe_2O_4纳米复合物的制备与表征

以Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为原料,采用改进的柠檬酸盐前驱物法合成了片状ZnFe2O4,进一步通过原位聚合反应得到了聚苯胺(PANI)/ZnFe2O4纳米复合物。利用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱以及荧光光谱等测试技术对其进行了表征。实验结果表明,通过原位聚合反应PANI沉积在片状ZnFe2O4表面。X射线粉末衍射和红外光谱进一步证实了PANI/ZnFe2O4纳米复合物的生成。ZnFe2O4的引入提高了PANI的荧光发光性能和热稳定性。     

Texture development during the production of high Si steel by hot dipping and diffusion annealing

The production of non-oriented high Si and Al electrical steel requires specific processing routes such as hot dipping followed by diffusion annealing. The evolution of texture during the different production steps is described. During the preheating and hot dipping the substrates recrystallize with a typical texture presenting an intense gamma fibre. A _Fe3Si${\mathrm{Fe}}_3\mathrm{Si}$ layer with cubic fibre texture is formed during the hot dipping. After hot dipping the substrate is further cold rolled with different levels of reduction and finally diffusion annealed delivering different final textures depending upon the Si content of the substrate and the thermomechanical processing.     

Thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies for a three-dimensional isotropic core-softened potential

Using molecular-dynamics simulations and integral equations (Rogers-Young, Percus-Yevick, and hypernetted chain closures) we investigate the thermodynamics of particles interacting with continuous core-softened intermolecular potential. Dynamic properties are also analyzed by the simulations. We show that, for a chosen shape of the potential, the density, at constant pressure, has a maximum for a certain temperature. The line of temperatures of maximum density (TMD) was determined in the pressure-temperature phase diagram. Similarly the diffusion constant at a constant temperature, D, has a maximum at a density rho(max) and a minimum at a density rho(min) < rho(max). In the pressure-temperature phase diagram the line of extrema in diffusivity is outside of the TMD line. Although this interparticle potential lacks directionality, this is the same behavior observed in simple point charge/extended water.     

一种满足有效样本量固定的放回抽样方法

相比不放回抽样,放回抽样的实施比较简单,操作性强,但缺点在于单元可能被重复抽到,抽出的有效样本量小于等于样本量,不是固定的。本文应用逆抽样的原理,设计了一种放回抽样方法,满足有效样本量固定,并且估计量的性质优良。     

单帧单曝光图像法测量气固两相流速度场

本文提出一种基于单帧单曝光图像的气固两相流固相颗粒的速度场测量方法。通过控制相机的单次曝光时间获得流场中颗粒的单帧运动模糊图像,运用分水岭算法分割图像,提取颗粒,由自相关函数获得各颗粒的速度大小和方向,重建二维速度场。利用该方法对玻璃珠在空气中重力沉降的速度测量结果与理论值基本一致,矢量场与颗粒运动轨迹相符,说明该方法可以用于气固两相流速度场的测量。研究发现使用片光源比背光源能够获得更加准确的速度值。     

弱浮力下导线绝缘层着火先期特性的研究

本文在低压弱浮力环境中模拟了微重力过载电流时导线绝缘层的着火先期过程,研究了压力对绝缘层着火先期特性的影响。结果表明,2 A时,绝缘层的温升率和最终平衡温度随压力降低而不断增大,模拟出了微重力下绝缘层的温升特性;10 A时,随着压力降低,绝缘层存在三种破坏机制;在不同区域压力对着火延迟时间的影响不同。最后,提高环境氧气浓度修正了低压对化学反应速率的抑制。结果表明,当压力在一定范围内降低时,随着氧气浓度的提高,绝缘层的着火极限范围拓宽,着火延迟时间缩短,可以初步模拟微重力下绝缘层的着火先期过程。