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61.
Proton conducting composite membranes from polysulfone and heteropolyacid for fuel cell applications
The viability of using composite membranes of heteropolyacid (HPA)/polysulfone (PSF), HPA/sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF) for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was investigated. PSF and its sulfonated polymer, SPSF was solution‐blended with phosphotungstic acid, a commercially available HPA. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the HPA–40/SPSF composite exhibited band shifts showing a possibility of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between the HPA additive and the sulfonated polymer. The composite membranes exhibited improved mechanical strength and low water uptake. The conductivity of the composite membrane, HPA–40/SPSF, consisting of 40 wt % HPA and 60 wt % SPSF [with a degree of Sulfonation (DS) of 40%] exhibited a conductivity 0.089 S/cm at room temperature that linearly increased upto 0.14 S/cm at 120 °C, whereas the widely used commercial membrane Nafion 117, exhibited a room temperature conductivity of 0.1 S/cm that increased to only 0.12 S/cm at 120 °C. In contrast, the composite of HPA–40/PSF exhibited a proton conductivity of 0.02 S/cm at room temperature that increased only to 0.07 S/cm at a temperature of 100 °C. The incorporation of HPA into SPSF not only rendered the membranes suitable for elevated temperature operation of PEMFC but also provides an inexpensive alternative compared to Nafion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1538–1547, 2005 相似文献
62.
Reactions of homoallylic alcohols with aldehydes in the presence of acid catalysts gave multisubstituted tetrahydropyrans with the creation of one to three new stereogenic centres in a single-pot process. The utility of this approach is extended to the enantioselective syntheses of (+)-prelactones B, C and V. 相似文献
63.
Balasubramanian Sridhar Krishnan Ravikumar 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2006,62(5):o265-o267
Ropinirole hydrochloride, or diethyl[2‐(2‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐4‐yl)ethyl]ammonium chloride, C16H25N2O+·Cl−, belongs to a class of new non‐ergoline dopamine agonists which bind specifically to D2‐like receptors with a selectivity similar to that of dopamine (D3 > D2 > D4). The N atom in the ethylamine side chain is protonated and there is a hydrogen bond between it and the Cl− ion. In the crystal structure, two cations and two anions form inversion‐related cyclic dimers via N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. 相似文献
64.
The generalized linear complementarity problem revisited 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Given a vertical block matrixA, we consider in this paper the generalized linear complementarity problem VLCP(q, A) introduced by Cottle and Dantzig. We formulate this problem as a linear complementarity problem with a square matrixM, a formulation which is different from a similar formulation given earlier by Lemke. Our formulation helps in extending many
well-known results in linear complementarity to the generalized linear complementarity problem. We also show that the class
of vertical block matrices which Cottle and Dantzig's algorithm can process is the same as the class of equivalent square
matrices which Lemke's algorithm can process. We also present some degree-theoretic results on a vertical block matrix. 相似文献
65.
66.
H. H. Kagiwada R. E. Kalaba A. Schumitzky R. Sridhar 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1968,2(4):226-229
The final step in the mathematical solution of many problems in mathematical physics and engineering is the solution of a linear, two-point boundary-value problem such as $$\begin{gathered} \ddot u - q(t)u = - g(t), 0< t< x \hfill \\ (0) = 0, \dot u(x) = 0 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Such problems frequently arise in a variational context. In terms of the Green's functionG, the solution is $$u(t) = \int_0^x {G(t, y, x)g(y) dy} $$ It is shown that the Green's function may be represented in the form $$G(t,y,x) = m(t,y) - \int_y^x {q(s)m(t, s) m(y, s)} ds, 0< t< y< x$$ wherem satisfies the Fredholm integral equation $$m(t,x) = k(t,x) - \int_0^x k (t,y) q(y) m(y, x) dy, 0< t< x$$ and the kernelk is $$k(t, y) = min(t, y)$$ 相似文献
67.
Sridhar L. Chennuri B. C. Haldar 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1984,84(1):197-200
A method has been developed for the extraction of Zn(II) with ethylthioacetoacetate (HETAcAc) into ethyl acetate from an alkaline medium. Various parameters affecting the extraction of Zn(II) have been investigated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species has been determined by the slope-ratio method. 相似文献
68.
H. Kagiwada R. E. Kalaba A. Schumitzky R. Sridhar 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1968,2(3):157-163
The mathematical treatment of many problems in mathematical physics requires the minimization of a quadratic functional. It is shown that the optimizing function can be viewed as the solution of the familiar Euler equation, subject to boundary conditions, or as the solution of a certain Fredholm integral equation, or as the solution of an initial-value (Cauchy) problem. Each formulation has certain analytic and computational advantages and disadvantages. 相似文献
69.
70.