The delay time of gravitational wave – gamma-ray burst associations

The first gravitational wave (GW) – gamma-ray burst (GRB) association, GW170817/GRB 170817A, had an offset in time, with the GRB trigger time delayed by ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time of the GW signal. We generally discuss the astrophysical origin of the delay time, Δt, of GW-GRB associations within the context of compact binary coalescence (CBC) – short GRB (sGRB) associations and GW burst – long GRB (lGRB) associations. In general, the delay time should include three terms, the time to launch a clean (relativistic) jet, Δt_jet; the time for the jet to break out from the surrounding medium, Δt_bo; and the time for the jet to reach the energy dissipation and GRB emission site, Δt_GRB. For CBC-sGRB associations, Δtjet and Δt_bo are correlated, and the final delay can be from 10 ms to a few seconds. For GWB-lGRB associations, Δt_jet and Δt_bo are independent. The latter is at least ~10 s, so that Δt of these associations is at least this long. For certain jet launching mechanisms of lGRBs, Δt can be minutes or even hours long due to the extended engine waiting time to launch a jet. We discuss the cases of GW170817/GRB 170817A and GW150914/GW150914-GBM within this theoretical framework and suggest that the delay times of future GW/GRB associations will shed light into the jet launching mechanisms of GRBs.     

衬底对N@C60分子电子自旋共振谱的影响

N@C₆₀内嵌富勒烯是一种在量子科技领域有较高应用前景的分子。科学家们设计了一系列以内嵌富勒烯分子为基本量子单元的量子计算机模型,而构筑这样的模型具有极高的挑战。其中,由于内嵌富勒烯分子阵列的制备通常需要合适的衬底,而衬底与分子之间的相互作用会影响甚至破坏内嵌N原子的自旋信号。因此研究和理解衬底与内嵌富勒烯分子的相互作用具有重要的意义。本文制备了高质量的N@C₆₀分子,并采用扫描隧道显微镜对其在Au(111)表面的结构及电子态进行表征。通过对比N@C₆₀分子在Au(111)、Si(111)、SiO₂表面的电子自旋共振(ESR)信号随时间及其抽真空处理的变化,表明Au原子的核自旋与内嵌N原子的电子自旋的耦合作用是Au(111)表面N@C₆₀单分子层的ESR谱中内嵌N原子的信号衰减的主要原因。     

First-principles Study of Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Co-Sn Intermetallics for Lithium Ion Battery Anode

The equilibrium structures, formation energy, mechanical properties and electronic properties of Co-Sn intermetallics have been systemically studied by first-principles study. The results show that the CoSn phase is more thermodynamically stable than any other stoichiometry of Co-Sn intermetallics. With the increasing of Co content in Co-Sn intermetallics, the mechanical properties change into brittle behavior from ductility character. Adding proper amount of Co to Co-Sn intermetallics can improve the cycle performance for lithium ion battery anode. However, high Co content will lead to a poor cycle performance for Co-Sn intermetallics.     

Mechanics of water pore formation in lipid membrane under electric field

Transmembrane water pores are crucial for sub-stance transport through cell membranes via membrane fusion, such as in neural communication. However, the molecular mechanism of water pore formation is not clear. In this study, we apply all-atom molecular dynamics and bias-exchange metadynamics simulations to study the pro-cess of water pore formation under an electric field. We show that water molecules can enter a membrane under an electric field and form a water pore of a few nanometers in diame-ter. These water molecules disturb the interactions between lipid head groups and the ordered arrangement of lipids. Fol-lowing the movement of water molecules, the lipid head groups are rotated and driven into the hydrophobic region of the membrane. The reorientated lipid head groups inside the membrane form a hydrophilic surface of the water pore. This study reveals the atomic details of how an electric field influences the movement of water molecules and lipid head groups, resulting in water pore formation.     

固态纳米孔对蛋白质易位的实验研究

蛋白质因其多样性和功能性,是生物体内一类非常重要的分子.通常蛋白质的表征需要借助荧光或者酶的标记.而纳米孔技术,得益于免标记、单分子检测等优势,为蛋白质的表征提供了新方向.我们使用固态纳米孔完成了单个蛋白质分子及蛋白质-蛋白质结合物的检测.可以发现,外部电压和电解质溶液的酸碱度会直接影响蛋白质分子表面带电量,从而加快或延迟其在孔内的易位时间.抗原、抗体本质上都是蛋白质,两者之间具有高度特异性.通过比较抗体溶液在添加特异性抗原前后的易位事件,实现了单个蛋白质分子和蛋白质-蛋白质结合物的区分.未来,纳米孔技术有望应用于多蛋白质分子的辨识、蛋白质分子相互作用机制等方面的研究.     

新型异戊烯并环黄酮化合物的合成

以间苯三酚和3,3-二甲基烯丙酸为起始原料,通过苄基保护、甲基化、脱保护基、Clemmenson还原、乙酰化、Fries重排、Baker-Venkataraman重排和成环等10步反应, 以18.2%的总收率合成了1个新型异戊烯并环黄酮化合物BE-1C,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。     

基于手机摄像头的可见光寻书导航系统

针对在大型图书馆内寻书难的问题设计了一种基于手机摄像头的可见光寻书导航系统,该系统将LED可见光通信技术应用于图书馆内寻书导航中,并创新性的采用手机摄像头为LED可见光通信技术的接收端。配合使用自主设计的手机寻书软件,可实现图书馆内精确定位和实时导航,有效解决了寻书难的问题。     

r-过程路径核β——衰变半衰期的估算

分析了20 < A < 190范围内丰中子核β衰变的实验数据,根据半衰期随质子数、中子数以及衰变能变化所呈现的壳效应和对效应等特点,提出了一种有效估算丰中子核β衰变寿命的公式。新的计算公式形式简单包含了较少的参数、计算量小。用该公式能较为准确地再现丰中子核的β衰变半衰期。用RIKEN最新测量丰中子核半衰期检验了该公式的外推能力,本工作可以为r-过程研究提供可靠的输入数据。Experimental data of the β--decay half-lives for the nuclei with atomic number between 20 and 190 are investigated. We have systematically studied the shell effects and pairing effects on β--decay half-lives versus the decay energy Q and nucleon numbers (Z, N). An empirical formula has been proposed to calculate the β--decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei. The empirical formula is simple and has relatively few parameters. Experimental β--decay half-lives of the neutron-rich nuclei are well reproduced by the new formula. In addition, the extrapolating capacity of this formula has been checked with the very recent experimental data from RIKEN. The predicted half-lives for r-process relevant nuclei with the current formula can be served as the reliable input of r-process model calculations.     

碳纳米管在固相萃取中的应用

固相萃取技术(SPE)作为一种分析物提取和样品前处理方法,相比于传统的液液萃取更利于目标分析物的分离,提高痕量分析物的检出能力和被测物的回收率,同时减少对环境的二次污染,且操作过程简单方便,耗时较短.碳纳米管(CNTs)的独特性能使其成为非常有吸引力的SPE吸附材料.介绍了碳纳米管在农残、药品、有机化合物、无机金属离子等检测中的应用,并对碳纳米管在分析领域中的应用前景进行了展望.     

基于电能节约的E-DEA模型及其应用

按照全要素能源效率的概念,重点考虑电能投入约束,构造了基于电能节约的E-DEA模型,其目标函数为极大化产出比例和电能投入比例之差,约束条件中除考虑一般投入量约束外,还同时强调电能投入径向节约和产出径向增加。根据模型最优解,给出了相应的有效、非有效、弱有效、用电规模收益状态的判断准则,以及相应于不同有效性情况下决策单元的改进。以合肥市通用制造业规上企业所属21个行业为研究对象,从第二次经济普查中选择年均资产、从业人员、电力、非电力能源、二氧化碳排量为投入指标,主营业务收入为产出指标,对行业电能利用效率进行实证分析,通过分析潜在电能可节约量和主营业务收入可增加量,明确了各行业改进目标。