Zur Synthese und Kristallstruktur von LiPdAlF6 und PdZrF6

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of LiPdAlF₆ and PdZrF₆ . For the first time single crystals of the new compounds LiPdAlF₆ and PdZrF₆ have been obtained. LiPdAlF₆ (blue) crystallizes trigonal, space group P3 1c—D (No. 163; LiCaAlF₆-type [2]), in an ordered structure variant of the Li₂[ZrF₆]-structure [3], with a=497.21(9) pm, c=914.0(9) pm and Z=2. PdZrF₆ (also blue) is isotypic with LiSbF₆ [4] and crystallizes trigonal-rhomboedric with a=552,3(1) pm, c=1 447,5(4) pm, space group R 3 —C (No. 148) and Z=3.     

Protein microarrays and multiplexed sandwich immunoassays: what beats the beads?

Protein microarray technology allows the simultaneous determination of a large variety of parameters from a minute amount of sample within a single experiment. Assay systems based on this technology are currently applied for the identification, quantitation and functional analysis of proteins. Protein microarray technology is of major interest for proteomic research in basic and applied biology as well as for diagnostic applications. Miniaturized and parallelized assay systems have reached adequate sensitivity and hence have the potential to replace singleplex analysis systems. However, robustness and automation needs to be demonstrated before this technology will finally prove suitable for high-throughput applications. Miniaturized and parallelized sandwich immunoassays are the most advanced assays formats among the different protein microarray applications. Multiplexed sandwich immunoassays can be used for the identification of biomarkers and the validation of potential target molecules. In this review an overview will be given on the current stage of protein microarray technology with a special focus on miniaturized multiplexed sandwich immunoassays.     

Fluorescent Probes of the Apoptolidins and their Utility in Cellular Localization Studies

Apoptolidin A has been described among the top 0.1 % most‐cell‐selective cytotoxic agents to be evaluated in the NCI 60 cell line panel. The molecular structure of apoptolidin A consists of a 20‐membered macrolide with mono‐ and disaccharide moieties. In contrast to apoptolidin A, the aglycone (apoptolidinone) shows no cytotoxicity (>10 μM ) when evaluated against several tumor cell lines. Apoptolidin H, the C27 deglycosylated analogue of apoptolidin A, displayed sub‐micromolar activity against H292 lung carcinoma cells. Selective esterification of apoptolidins A and H with 5‐azidopentanoic acid afforded azido‐functionalized derivatives of potency equal to that of the parent macrolide. They also underwent strain‐promoted alkyne–azido cycloaddition reactions to provide access to fluorescent and biotin‐functionalized probes. Microscopy studies demonstrate apoptolidins A and H localize in the mitochondria of H292 human lung carcinoma cells.     

Synthesis and Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sygyzium cumini</Emphasis> Nanoparticles for Its Protective Potential in High Glucose-Induced Cardiac Stress: a Green Approach

There exists a complex and multifactorial relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Hyperglycemia is an important factor imposing damage (glucose toxicity) on cardiac cell leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy. There are substantial clinical evidences on the adverse effects of conventional therapies in the prevention/treatment of diabetic cardiovascular complications. Currently, green-synthesized nanoparticles have emerged as a safe, efficient, and inexpensive alternative for therapeutic uses. The present study discloses the silver nanoparticle biosynthesizing capability and cardioprotective potential of Syzygium cumini seeds already reported to have antidiabetic properties. Newly generated silver nanoparticles S. cumini MSE silver nanoparticles (SmSNPs) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta sizer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Using methanolic extract of S. cumini seeds, an average size of 40–100-nm nanoparticles with 43.02 nm and ?19.6 mV zeta potential were synthesized. The crystalline nature of SmSNPs was identified by using XRD. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays revealed the antioxidative potential to be 66.87 (±0.7) % and 86.07 (±0.92) % compared to 60.29 (±0.02) % and 85.67 (±1.27) % for S. cumini MSE. In vitro study on glucose-stressed H9C2 cardiac cells showed restoration in cell size, nuclear morphology, and lipid peroxide formation upon treatment of SmSNPs. Our findings concluded that S. cumini MSE SmSNPs significantly suppress the glucose-induced cardiac stress in vitro by maintaining the cellular integrity and reducing the oxidative damages therefore establishing its therapeutic potential in diabetic cardiomyopathy.     

Selective Oxygen and Hydrogen Functionalization of the h-BN/Rh(111) Nanomesh

We present detailed studies on the covalent adsorption of molecular oxygen and atomic hydrogen on the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanomesh on Rh(111). The functionalization of this two-dimensional (2D) material was investigated under ultra-high vacuum conditions using synchrotron radiation-based in situ high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. We are able to provide a deep insight into the adsorption behavior and thermal stability of oxygen and hydrogen on h-BN/Rh(111). Oxygen functionalization was achieved via a supersonic molecular beam while hydrogen functionalization was realized using an atomic hydrogen source. Adsorption of the respective species was observed to occur selectively in the pores of h-BN leading to spatially defined modification of the 2D layer. The adsorption of the observed molecular oxygen species was found to be an activated process that requires high-energy oxygen molecules. Upon heating to 700 K, oxygen functionalization was observed to be almost reversible except for small amounts of boron oxides evolving due to the reaction of oxygen with the 2D material. Hydrogen functionalization of h-BN/Rh(111) was fully reversed upon heating to about 640 K.