全文获取类型
收费全文 | 790篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 561篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 22篇 |
数学 | 70篇 |
物理学 | 163篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 25篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 51篇 |
2010年 | 29篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 30篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 32篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1936年 | 7篇 |
1933年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有821条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
11.
Noëlle Martine Gosselet Horacio NaranjoEstelle Renard Catherine AmielBernard Sebille 《European Polymer Journal》2002,38(4):649-654
An acrylic polymer with pendent adamantyl groups was synthesized and its properties in an aqueous solution with a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) epichlorhydrin polymer examined. Viscosity properties of precursor and modified polymers show differences at low concentrations, but not at higher concentration probably due to very important hydrogen bonds which prevent the formation of intermolecular hydrophobic bonds. The association of both complementary polymers through the inclusion of adamantyl groups is evidenced by phases separation occurrence. Phase diagrams were established at two different concentrations of polymers. We have shown a maximal association of both polymers at these two concentrations, for the same ratio βCD moles/adamantyl groups: 2.4. Salt addition favors this association and displaces the two phases zone to smaller concentrations of modified polymer. Further, 4-nitrophenol can be extracted by the concentrated phase resulting from mixture of solutions of guest and host polymers, pointing out the availability of the associated phase to trap organic molecules. 相似文献
12.
The electrocatalytic response of chemically modified carbon paste and glassy carbon electrodes with anchored Fe(II)/Fe(III) centers is presented for gaseous species such as NO2, SO2, H2S, and Cl2. Carbon paste electrodes are modified by direct admixing of tris[4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline]iron(II) perchlorate, and glassy carbon electrodes are modified by oxidative electropolymerisation of tris[5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline]iron(II) perchlorate. The electrocatalytic cycle operating in the integrated reaction/pre-electrode layer of chemically modified electrodes results in significant signal enhancement. Chemical modification of the conducting surfaces protects the electrode surface from poisoning. evaluation was done in a continuous-flow system using gravitational flow fo supporting electrolyte carrier propulsion, direct injection of air containing parts per billion or parts per million (v/v) of the gaseous species, and amperometric detection with the chemically modified electrodes as part of a thin-layer cell. 相似文献
13.
Electropolymerized thin films of Co(III/II)- and Zn(II)-4,9,16,23-tetraaminophthalocyanine, immersed in solutions of relatively high pH, have been studied electro- and spectroelectrochemically. Cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry were used to characterize films deposited on glassy carbon electrodes. Spectroelectrochemistry and ellipsometry measurements were performed on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces coated with the zinc and cobalt complexes and correlated to the electrochemical information collected using glassy carbon electrodes. Studies at high pH are motivated by the efficient increase in luminol chemiluminescence at high OH− concentration, and by potential application in luminescence sensors. Although the films are not removed, some structural changes occur when they are exposed to solutions of high pH. In addition, an estimation of the number of monolayers has also been calculated. The atomic diameters of cobalt and zinc are very close in value, but the estimated number of monolayers, based on cyclic voltammetric data, for a given number of electropolymerization cycles is approximately four-fold higher in the zinc-based film. This would correspond to three-fold thicker films when zinc is the central metal ion. Ellipsometry measurements have been correlated with cyclic voltammetric data to confirm that film thickness varies among the different complexes, even though the conditions of electropolymerization are the same. 相似文献
14.
The cyclic voltammetric behavior of carbon paste electrodes modified by direct admixing with the products of the reactions between ethanedial (glyoxal) and 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline at 100°C and that of their iron(II) complexes is reported. The ligand(s) produced in absence of iron(II) are able to complex iron(II) and copper(II) ions reversibly, but other ions such as nickel(II), cobalt(II), cadmium(II) and manganese(II), if complexed, show no electrochemical activity. Admixing with the products of the reaction in the presence of excess of iron(II) ion, because of high insolubility and fast electron exchange, produces surfaces useful for amperometric detection in continuous-flow systems. The voltammetric and amperometric behavior in the presence of HSO?3 ions is reported in order to illustrate this application. 相似文献
15.
Eric Bach Richard Lukes Jeffrey Shallit H. C. Williams. 《Mathematics of Computation》1996,65(216):1737-1747
Let be a positive integer. We say looks like a power of 2 modulo a prime if there exists an integer such that . First, we provide a simple proof of the fact that a positive integer which looks like a power of modulo all but finitely many primes is in fact a power of . Next, we define an -pseudopower of the base to be a positive integer that is not a power of , but looks like a power of modulo all primes . Let denote the least such . We give an unconditional upper bound on , a conditional result (on ERH) that gives a lower bound, and a heuristic argument suggesting that is about for a certain constant . We compare our heuristic model with numerical data obtained by a sieve. Some results for bases other than are also given.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Chemical species obtained by reaction of 5-amino-1, 10-phenanthroline with ethanedial (glyoxal) are reported with regard to their preparation, chemical composition and spectrometric characterization (UV-visible, infrared and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry). Products of the reaction are postulated to be a mixture of species with molecular weights of 339, 371,480 and 524 u. Chemical reactions leading to these products and possible structural formulas for each of these species are presented. The iron complexes of these ligands, because of their extremely low solubility in most solvents, find application as redox mediators when incorporated in carbon paste electrodes, particularly for sensing in continuous-flow systems. 相似文献
20.
Paterson I Aceña JL Bach J Chen DY Coster MJ 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2003,(4):462-463
Simplified analogues of the potent antimitotic marine macrolide spongistatin 1/altohyrtin A were synthesised and evaluated as growth inhibitory agents against a range of human tumour cell lines, including Taxol-resistant strains, revealing that E-ring dehydration leads to enhanced cytotoxicity at the low picomolar level while truncation of the side-chain at C46 results in a drastic decrease in activity. 相似文献