高功率飞秒脉冲激光器的进展

概述了超短激光脉冲技术发展的历程。详尽的论述了啁啾脉冲放大技术的原理和一些关键技术 ,并对当今飞秒激光器研究发展的状况进行了综述。在分析其应用前景的基础上 ,进一步指出了这一技术领域未来的发展趋势。结果表明 ,脉冲激光放大系统以后的发展方向是 :更短脉冲 ;追求更高峰值功率 ;连续光谱调谐化 ;向小型化乃至全光纤化发展。     

Wear analysis of revolute joints with clearance in multibody systems

In this work, the prediction of wear for revolute joint with clearance in multibody systems is investigated using a computational methodology. The contact model in clearance joint is established using a new hybrid nonlinear contact force model and the friction effect is considered by using a modified Coulomb friction model. The dynamics model of multibody system with clearance is established using dynamic segmentation modeling method and the computational process for wear analysis of clearance joint in multibody systems is presented. The main computational process for wear analysis of clearance joint includes two steps, which are dynamics analysis and wear analysis. The dynamics simulation of multibody system with revolute clearance joint is carried out and the contact forces are drawn and used to calculate the wear amount of revolute clearance joint based on the Archard’s wear model. Finally, a four-bar multibody mechanical system with revolute clearance joint is used as numerical example application to perform the simulation and show the dynamics responses and wear characteristics of multibody systems with revolute clearance joint. The main results of this work indicate that the contact between the joint elements is wider and more frequent in some specific regions and the wear phenomenon is not regular around the joint surface, which causes the clearance size increase non-regularly after clearance joint wear. This work presents an effective method to predict wear of revolute joint with clearance in multibody systems.     

用于质子交换膜材料的侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮砜的光谱分析

采用直接缩聚的方法,通过调整氨基单体用量,合成出了系列带有不同氨基含量的聚芳醚酮砜(Am-PAEKS)聚合物,在聚合物侧链上进行后磺化接枝制备出了系列不同磺化度的侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮砜(S-SPAEKS),并且通过调整磺酸基团含量来控制聚合物的磺化度。通过红外光谱(FTIR)和氢核磁谱(1HNMR),对所合成的单体及其聚合物的结构进行了表征,S-SPAEKS红外光谱在1 239和1 060 cm-1处出现了磺酸基团中OSO的特征吸收峰,氢核磁谱中1.64 ppm处出现了处于烷基链中间位置的两个氢(—CH₂—CH₂—)化学位移,证明得到了S-SPAEKS聚合物。经热失重分析发现,聚合物中磺酸基团的脱落温度都高于240 ℃,聚合物主链降解温度都高于450 ℃。研究表明,该系列聚合物具有良好的热性能,可以用作质子交换膜材料。     

基于相干波面光强分布的静态干涉图的数字分析

提出了基于相干波面光强分布的静态干涉图数字处理的新方法 ,即在CQG Ⅱ型激光数字波面干涉仪上通过分别微调参考镜和被测镜的倾斜量 ,在CCD探测器上获得形成静态干涉图的两幅相干波面光强分布图 ,利用这两幅光强分布图与它们所形成的干涉图 ,可高精度地完成静态干涉图的数字分析。利用相干原理 ,给出了实现该方法的基本过程 ,并编程实现了该数字分析 ,获得了实验测量结果。通过与相移测量结果相比较 ,验证该方法对口径为 60mm的平面有望达到的测量精度。     

γ噪Blazar天体的γ射线和近红外光辐射研究

收集了29个有γ噪的Blazar天体(其中有16个BL Lac天体和13个平谱射电类星体)的近红外流量密度和γ射线流量密度,获得以下主要结果:1)23个天体中的γ射线流量密度和近红外流量密度在低态时存在较强的相关性而在高态时有弱的相关性.2)在29个天体中,有6个天体只有一个观测数据点,将其认为是高态时,γ射线流量密度与近红外光流量密度之间有弱相关性,而认为是低态时有强相关性.3)29个源的γ射线流量密度与X射线流量密度在低态时有相关性,但是γ射线流量与光学流量密度,γ射线流量与射电流量密度均没有相关性.4)在16个BL Lac天体中γ射线流量与近红外光流量不论在高态还是低态都有相关性,而13个平谱射电类星体没有相关性.讨论了γ噪Blazar天体的γ射线辐射机制,认为γ射线的辐射机制主要是同步自康普顿散射.而逆康普顿散射来自绕中心核且温度约为2000K的尘埃,这些尘埃的区域大约有r=3pc,聚束的相对论电子也可能是这种尘埃模型辐射机制的一个重要补充.平谱射电类星体和BL Lac天体的γ辐射机制可能有些不同. 关键词： Blazar天体 星系γ射线观测辐射机制 非热辐射     

单喷嘴横流气雾两相流掺混实验研究

采用PIV设备测量了方腔通道内气体液雾两相交叉横向流的掺混,液滴通过旋流雾化喷嘴产生,获得了沿横流方向不同掺混横截面的液滴分布图和液滴运动流线图.比较了三种喷嘴布置角度(60°,90°,120°)在不同气流速度下的掺混效果.结果表明:在横流作用和壁面约束的影响下,流场中出现不同尺度的漩涡,大涡的卷吸与离心作用导致液滴分布不均匀,影响了雾滴与气相的掺混.随着掺混的发展,大涡的强度和尺寸均减小,对雾滴影响减弱,掺混变好;三种喷嘴布置角度下,60°掺混最好,90°次之,120°最差.     

用3dsMax8模拟碰撞中的动量守恒实验

随着科技的发展,越来越多的计算机图形图像处理软件作为教学辅助手段进入到课堂中,本文以碰撞过程中动量守恒实验为例,介绍了3dsMax8在物理演示实验教学中的应用.     

Bang-bang control suppression of amplitude damping in a three-level atom

By using quantum bang-bang control technique, we studied the suppression of amplitude damping, or energy dissipation, in a three-level atom in various configurations. We have explicitly given the bang-bang control groups in three different configurations, and the pulse sequences for these bang-bang control operations. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10547003), the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 306020) and Chifeng College Scientific Research Fund (Grant No. ZRZD200604)     

基于不稳定核基本性质测量的原子核结构研究

精密激光谱学是通过测量核素原子光谱的超精细结构和同位素移位来研究原子核的基本性质,为原子核自旋、磁矩、电四极矩及电荷均方根半径的确定提供了一种模型独立的测量方式。这些原子核基本性质的测量,能够比较精确地描述原子核微观结构的演化。近年来,随着放射性束流装置的发展,产生远离β-稳定线的丰中子/丰质子核素成为可能,也进一步促进了高分辨和高灵敏度的激光谱技术更加广泛的应用。简单介绍了基于放射性核素超精细结构的激光谱学测量原理,并通过几个经典实例来回顾近年来激光谱学在原子核奇特结构研究领域的独特贡献。主要通过分析几个重要核区原子核的基本性质,结合大尺度壳模型、ab initio理论、密度泛函理论等,来探索丰中子核中展现出来的一些新的奇特现象,如晕结构、幻数演化、形状共存等。High-precision laser spectroscopy technique is used to determine the ground state properties of exotic nuclei by probing its electronic hyperfine structure and isotope shift. It provides a model-independent measurement of nuclear spin, magnetic moment, electric quadrupole moment and charge radii. These nuclear parameters can be used to investigate the nuclear structure evolution and the nuclear shapes. With the development of accelerators and isotope separators, exotic isotopes far from β stability became accessible experimentally, which enhanced the capability of the laser spectroscopy technique being applied in the field of nuclear physics. A brief introduction to experimental principle is given, followed by a review of several typical examples for the experimental investigations in the different regions of nuclear chart. This aims to demonstrate the contributions of ground state properties measurement by using laser spectroscopy technique to the nuclear structure study of exotic isotopes. This discussion involves several different nuclear theory models in order to interpret the exotic phenomena observed in the neutron-rich isotopes, such as halo structure, shell evolution, shape coexistence and so on.