全文获取类型
收费全文 | 171329篇 |
免费 | 1552篇 |
国内免费 | 507篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 88262篇 |
晶体学 | 3039篇 |
力学 | 7154篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
数学 | 19514篇 |
物理学 | 55416篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 1398篇 |
2019年 | 1552篇 |
2018年 | 1980篇 |
2017年 | 2065篇 |
2016年 | 3184篇 |
2015年 | 1889篇 |
2014年 | 3112篇 |
2013年 | 7659篇 |
2012年 | 5747篇 |
2011年 | 6879篇 |
2010年 | 5022篇 |
2009年 | 5004篇 |
2008年 | 6535篇 |
2007年 | 6429篇 |
2006年 | 6076篇 |
2005年 | 5502篇 |
2004年 | 5091篇 |
2003年 | 4592篇 |
2002年 | 4453篇 |
2001年 | 5218篇 |
2000年 | 3861篇 |
1999年 | 2967篇 |
1998年 | 2484篇 |
1997年 | 2386篇 |
1996年 | 2237篇 |
1995年 | 2113篇 |
1994年 | 2091篇 |
1993年 | 2000篇 |
1992年 | 2304篇 |
1991年 | 2244篇 |
1990年 | 2193篇 |
1989年 | 2121篇 |
1988年 | 2119篇 |
1987年 | 2122篇 |
1986年 | 2019篇 |
1985年 | 2629篇 |
1984年 | 2683篇 |
1983年 | 2381篇 |
1982年 | 2492篇 |
1981年 | 2307篇 |
1980年 | 2284篇 |
1979年 | 2426篇 |
1978年 | 2462篇 |
1977年 | 2388篇 |
1976年 | 2436篇 |
1975年 | 2360篇 |
1974年 | 2327篇 |
1973年 | 2504篇 |
1972年 | 1623篇 |
1971年 | 1337篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
911.
R. Kh. Dadashev Kh. B. Khokonov D. Z. Elimkhanov Z. I. Bichueva 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2007,81(7):1181-1183
A surface tension isotherm equation for ternary systems was derived based on general thermodynamic expressions with consideration for the concentration dependence of the molar surface area. Within the experimental errors, the equation describes the properties of ternary systems with smooth surface tension isotherms. 相似文献
912.
Electrodeposition of fluorine-doped lead dioxide 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The electrocatalytic properties of PbO2 may be increased by incorporation of some ions such as F−. In this review, the preparation of fluorine-doped PbO2 in the presence of some additives of fluorine-containing compounds (F−, potassium salt of nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid C4F9O3SK and Nafion®) is reported. The mechanism of electrodeposition is discussed. The amount of additives in the deposit depends on the experimental conditions: potential, current density and charge of additive species in the plating solution. The physicochemical properties of doped oxide are very different from those of undoped oxide, accounting for the different electrocatalytic activity of the materials. 相似文献
913.
The structure of chloroacetyl chloroide (CH2ClCOCl) molecule in different conformations arising from rotation of the CH2Cl group about the C-C bond was determined by the Hartree-Fock RHF/6-31G(d) quantum-chemical calculations. The energy difference between the two stable rotamers was estimated at 5.9 kJ mol?1, and barriers to intramolecular reorientations of the CH2Cl group were calculated. 相似文献
914.
A simple and accurate method has been developed for the determination of copper, mercury and antimony by thermal neutron activation
analysis involving substoichiometric extraction technique. The results of analysis indicate that copper, mercury and antimony
in biological samples can be determined with an accuracy of 5.3%, 5.5% and 6.2%, respectively. Two samples and a standard
can be analysed by the proposed method in about 4 hrs.
Part of this work was presented at the International Conference on Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, Saclay, Paris, France,
October 2–6, 1972. 相似文献
915.
G. Gattow und B. Gotthardt 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1964,206(5):331-334
Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben zur Bestimmung von Wismut in Gegenwart von Fremdionen, die unabhängig von der Menge des Fremdstoffes praktisch universell anwendbar ist. Hierbei wird Wismut nach partieller Maskierung der Fremdionen mit Cupral gefällt, der Niederschlag mit Chloroform ausgeschüttelt und anschließend das Bi nach Zerstörung de Bi-Cuprals mit konz. Salpetersäure gegen Methylthymolblau als Indicator bei pH 1,1 komplexometrisch titriert.
II. Teil: Gattow, G., u. D. Schott: diese Z. 188, 81 (1962).
Herrn Prof. Dr. O. Glemser gilt unser Dank für die Bereitstellung von Institutsmitteln. Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie danken wir sehr für die Unterstützung unserer Arbeit. 相似文献
Summary A method is described for the determination of bismuth in presence of foreign ions. It is of almost universal applicability and is independent of the amount of foreign ions. After partial masking of the other ions bismuth is precipitated by Cupral, the precipitate is extracted with chloroform, the Bi-Cupral complex is destroyed with concentrated nitric acid and bismuth is titrated at pH 1.1 by means of EDTA solution using methylthymol blue as indicator.
II. Teil: Gattow, G., u. D. Schott: diese Z. 188, 81 (1962).
Herrn Prof. Dr. O. Glemser gilt unser Dank für die Bereitstellung von Institutsmitteln. Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie danken wir sehr für die Unterstützung unserer Arbeit. 相似文献
916.
Stambuli JP Incarvito CD Bühl M Hartwig JF 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(4):1184-1194
A series of monomeric arylpalladium(II) complexes LPd(Ph)X (L = 1-AdPtBu2, PtBu3, or Ph5FcPtBu2 (Q-phos); X = Br, I, OTf) containing a single phosphine ligand have been prepared. Oxidative addition of aryl bromide or aryl iodide to bis-ligated palladium(0) complexes of bulky, trialkylphosphines or to Pd(dba)2 (dba = dibenzylidene acetone) in the presence of 1 equiv of phosphine produced the corresponding arylpalladium(II) complexes in good yields. In contrast, oxidative addition of phenyl chloride to the bis-ligated palladium(0) complexes did not produce arylpalladium(II) complexes. The oxidative addition of phenyl triflate to PdL2 (L = 1-AdPtBu2, PtBu3, or Q-phos) also did not form arylpalladium(II) complexes. The reaction of silver triflate with (1-AdPtBu2)Pd(Ph)Br furnished the corresponding arylpalladium(II) triflate in good yield. The oxidative addition of phenyl bromide and iodide to Pd(Q-phos)2 was faster than oxidative addition to Pd(1-AdPtBu2)2 or Pd(PtBu3)2. Several of the arylpalladium complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction. All of the arylpalladium(II) complexes are T-shaped monomers. The phenyl ligand, which has the largest trans influence, is located trans to the open coordination site. The complexes appear to be stabilized by a weak agostic interaction of the metal with a ligand C-H bond positioned at the fourth-coordination site of the palladium center. The strength of the Pd.H bond, as assessed by tools of density functional theory, depended upon the donating properties of the ancillary ligands on palladium. 相似文献
917.
S. D. Fazylov A. M. Gazaliev M. Zh. Zhurinov R. Z. Kasenov A. B. Tateeva M. Z. Kokzhalova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1994,30(3):371-372
The results are given of the synthesis and a comparative study of the toxicities of some phosphorylated derivatives of the
alkaloids l-ephedrine and d-pseudoephedrine. It has been shown that the introduction of phosphorus- and sulfur-containing
fragments considerably lowers the toxicity of the alkaloids.
Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda.
Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 406–408, May–June, 1994. 相似文献
918.
A. Ríos A. Lynggaard-Jensen H. S. Jacobsen R. Whiteman H. Wacheux B. Karlberg A. B. Lindholm T. Stenstrøm H. Berridge A. Boenke 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1999,4(12):B512-B517
ETACS is the official acronym for the European project "European Testing and Assessment of Comparability of On-line Sensors/Analysers". This project has three main objectives to achieve the comparability of performance data for sensors and analysers in the environmental field. First, to develop a test protocol for validation and comparison of the performance of on-line sensors/analysers. The test protocol is intended to be generic, that is independent of the specific sensors/analysers and the specific parameters to be monitored. Second, the practical testing of this test protocol to assess its applicability and to develop the techniques used. Finally, to achieve widespread acceptance of the test protocol by producer/suppliers, users and relevant authorities to assist its early adoption as an agreed European standard. Laboratory tests for producing the test protocol have been carried out and completed to check the applicability of such a protocol. 相似文献
919.
Mandelli GR Maiorana S Terni P Lamperti G Colibretti ML Imbimbo BP 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2000,48(11):1611-1622
A series of 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine derivatives was prepared and evaluated for binding affinities to muscarinic receptors in vitro. Among them, compound 8 showed a high affinity for human recombinant M2 receptors (Ki=2.6 nm), a low affinity for M4 receptors (39-fold less than for M2 receptors) and a very low affinity for M1 and M3 receptors (119- and 112-fold less than for M2 receptors, respectively). The high M2 selectivity of 8 may be attributed to the olefinic bond of the azepine ring. Functional experiments showed 8 to be a competitive antagonist with high affinity to the cardiac (pA2=7.1) and low affinity to the intestinal muscarinic receptors (IC50=0.54 microM). In vivo experiments confirmed the in vitro M, selectivity of 8. Acetylcholine-induced bradycardia was dose-dependently antagonized in rats after both intravenous and intraduodenal administration of 8. In rats, cholinergic functions mediated by M1 or M3 receptors (salivary secretion, pupil diameter, gastric emptying, intestinal transit time) were not affected by the oral administration of 8 even at doses as high as 30 times the antibradycardic effective dose. Furthermore, 8 had no analgesic activity in mice, indicating poor central nervous system penetration. In dogs, nocturnal bradycardia was dose-dependently inhibited by the oral route with a duration of action of about 24 h. Compound 8 appears to be a promising cardioselective antimuscarinic agent for the treatment of dysfunctions of the cardiac conduction system such as sinus or nodal bradycardia ("sick-sinus syndrome") and atrioventricular block. 相似文献
920.
Complexes of CuHg(NCS)4, CuHg(NCS)2 (NCSe)2 and CuHg(NCSe)4 with tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, pyridine, 2-aminopyridine, nicotinamide, bipyridine and phenanthroline have been prepared and comparative studies made. Bipyridine and phenanthroline form cationic—anionic [CuL3]2+ [Hg(SCN)4]2? (L = bipy, phen) complexes with CuHg(NCS)4 and dinuclear bridged complexes with CuHg(NCSe)4 and CuHg(NCS)2 (NCSe)2. For other ligands the nature of the complexes is binuclear or polynuclear. The comparative stability of the -XCN- bridge (X = S, Se) is CuHg(NCSe)4 > CuHg(NCS)2 (NCSe)2 > CuHg(NCS)4. 相似文献