Data Structures for Extension Violations in a Query Range

Design Rule Checking (DRC) in VLSI design involves checking if a given VLSI layout satisfies a given set of rules and reporting the violations if any. We propose data structures for reporting violations of the minimum extension rule in a query window of interest.     

Investigation of the Thermal Properties of Alkali Metal Thorium Phosphates and Their Application for the Sorption of Uranyl Ion from Acidic Medium

Thermo physical properties of potassium, rubidium and cesium thorium phosphate compounds were investigated. All compounds were synthesized by conventional solid state method. Formation of orthorhombic AMThP₃O₁₀, tetragonal AM₂Th(PO₄)₂ and monoclinic AMTh₂(PO₄)₃; [AM=K, Rb and Cs] was confirmed using Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Structural study of CsThP₃O₁₀ was carried out for the first time from Rietveld refinement of XRD data. Thermal stability of all compounds was established using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. When heated at 1673 K for 30 h in air, all the compounds decompose to ThO₂. High temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) data of the compounds, synthesized during present study, were collected in an inert atmosphere from ambient to 973 K and their thermal expansion coefficients were calculated. These compounds show positive thermal expansion up to 973 K. Molar heat capacities for all phosphates were measured between 300–863 K using Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Alkali metal thorium phosphates, AMThP₃O₁₀ and AMTh₂(PO₄)₃, showed efficient uptake of uranyl ion from aqueous acidic medium predominantly following Langmuir isotherm and Webber Morris intra particle diffusion kinetics.     

Study on effect of sodium based buffers on the isotopic measurement of boron using Na2BO2+ by thermal ionization mass spectrometry

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Alkali metaborate ions are usually monitored for the isotopic measurement of boron by positive thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Large...     

Wide Band Gap Transparent Polymer-Inorganic Composite Thin Films by Dip-Coating Method: Preparation and Characterizations

Wide band gap transparent polymer-inorganic (PVA-ZnO) composite thin films were prepared by the dip-coating method. Functional groups and metal oxide vibrations were found from Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The elements Zn and O were confirmed from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the sharp diffraction peaks correspond to the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO in the PVA matrix. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the ZnO nanoparticles are randomly distributed throughout the entire film surface. The optical study reveals that the transmittance was more than 85% with very low absorption and wide band gap energy (4.03 to 3.95 eV). The obtained results indicate that the high transmittance, very low absorption, and wide band gap energy of the prepared dip-coated composite thin films make them suitable for use in transparent optoelectronic device applications in the near future.     

Total Synthesis of Sch 725674

A concise total synthesis of the macrolactone natural product Sch 725674 is accomplished starting from commercially available 2-deoxy-d-ribose. Pivotal reactions employed in the synthesis include the addition of 4-pentenylmagnesium bromide to the lactol derived from 2-deoxy-d-ribose, olefin cross metathesis and Yamaguchi macrolactonization.     

Which orbit types force only finitely many orbit types?

ABSTRACT

For real maps, the question of the title is answered by finding all types of orbits that are available in t-simple systems. Here a t-simple system means a real map which has only finitely many types of orbits.     

Torus quotients of homogeneous spaces — II

We classify the homogeneous spacesX for which there is aT linearised ample line bundleL onX such thatX _T ^ss(L)=X_T ^s(L).