电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定大气降水中多种元素

本文研究了长白山自然保护区大气降水(雨水或雪水)中的多元素分析。采用ICP-AES法测定水中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Al、Sr、Ba、Cu、Zn、Ni和V等元素,用干扰系数法对光谱干扰进行修正。为该地区大气环境背景值和大气污染现状提供了宝贵资料。     

Improvement of the sensitivity in velocity sensing using dynamic speckles

Dynamic speckle patterns can be used for imaging of relative velocity of moving objects in fields of biomedical and mechanical measurements. In spite of the widespread use of this method, the effect of speckle size on velocity sensing has not fully been estimated so far. In addition, effects of speckle contrast and random noises on the sensitivity of velocity sensing have not been investigated yet. In the present study, we estimated condition of image processing of speckle patterns for reducing effects of random noises with relation to linearity and sensitivity in velocity sensing. We further introduced binarization of the speckle pattern to improve the sensitivity in velocity sensing. Experiments were conducted for sample models using a diffusive plate and fluid flows to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method.     

Measurements of blood flow and blood concentration change using laser speckle in fiber illumination and its application to estimation of stress condition

Optical Review - Speckle imaging method is useful for monitoring of blood flow in living bodies. We have proposed so far the method for simultaneous imaging of blood flow and blood concentration...     

Principles and development of spatial filtering velocimetry

As one of the interesting optical techniques for measurements of the velocity, the spatial-filtering method is treated briefly in this review. The basic theory of the method is examined by analyzing the filtering characteristics of a spatial filter using the power spectral density function. The signal analyses are summarized as one of the techniques used in the spatial filtering method. Various configurations of the spatial filtering velocimeter are classified into typical four groups and outlined according to a variety of spatial filters employed in the velocimeters.     

Determination of organic peroxides by liquid chromatography with on-line post-column ultraviolet irradiation and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection

A combination of the electrophoretically mediated microanalysis methodology with a partial filling technique was applied for the inhibition study of bovine liver rhodanese by 2-oxoglutarate. In this set-up, part of the capillary is filled with the best buffer for the enzymatic reaction, while the rest of the capillary is filled with the optimal background electrolyte for separation of substrates and products. The estimated value of K_I for 2-oxoglutarate was 3.62·10⁻⁴±1.43·10⁻⁴ M with respect to cyanide and 1.40·10⁻³±1.60·10⁻⁴ M with respect to thiosulfate. In addition, the type of inhibition was also evaluated. The findings of 2-oxoglutarate as the competitive inhibitor with respect to cyanide and as the uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to thiosulfate are in accordance with previous literature data.     

New Generation of Phase-Doppler Instruments for particle velocity,size and concentration measurements

Phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA) is applied for particle size, velocity and concentration measurements in two-phase or multi-phase flows of ever increasing complexity. For accurate measurements the experimenter must be provided with software and hardware which permit an optimal layout of the PDA optics for a given application, reliable detection of signals over a wide particle diameter range, accurate determination of particle concentration and precise discrimination between particles of different composition. Recent work at LSTM, Erlangen, has been directed to developing a complete PDA package for the above purposes. Progress in this direction is summarized in this paper.     

Visualizing of skin chromophore concentrations by use of RGB images

A method is proposed for visualizing simply the concentrations of melanin, oxygenated blood, and deoxygenated blood in skin tissue using digital RGB images. The total blood concentration and oxygen saturation can also be reconstructed. Monte Carlo simulation of light transport specifies a relation between the chromophore concentrations and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage XYZ, which are compatible with the common RGB working space. Experiments with a tissuelike agar gel phantom demonstrated the possibility of the method. In vivo imaging of a human hand during forearm occlusion demonstrated the ability of the method to evaluate hemodynamics of skin tissue.     

Determination of particle-associated hydroxynitropyrenes with correction for chemical degradation on a quartz fibre filter during high volume air sampling

A correction method for the determination of atmospheric monohydroxylated derivatives of 1-nitropyrene (hydroxy-1-nitropyrenes, OHNPs) based on their degradation rates during high volume air sampling was established. OHNPs adsorbed directly on a quartz fibre filter (QFF) or on airborne particles collected on a QFF were exposed to ambient air passively or actively in a high volume air sampling system. The influence of ozone flux and exposure time on the degree of degradation of OHNPs was investigated. Up to 50% of OHNPs degraded over 1 h of exposure to ambient air containing ～60 ppbv of ozone in the active system. The degradation rate constants of OHNPs were found to correlate with the number of ozone molecules passing through the QFF in a unit time (N_O3) during high volume air sampling. The chemical loss of OHNPs under high volume air sampling conditions was successfully evaluated by the exposure time and the pseudo-first-order rate constant for OHNP degradation estimated from the correlation with N_O3. Concentrations of 3-, 6-, and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrenes in airborne particles collected in Osaka, Japan were determined using the established correction method.