Absorption spectrometry using a diffractive optical element constructed by gel electrophoresis.

A novel diffractive optical element was constructed by means of gel electrophoresis. Five capillaries were filled with a methylene blue solution and inserted into a slab gel. An electrical potential was then applied to the slab gel. Methylene Blue in the capillaries underwent electrophoretic migration, forming clear blue bands in the gel. The bands functioned as a transmission grating, and diffracted a laser beam. The intensity of the diffracted light increased with increasing the concentration of methylene blue.     

Conversion from arenes having a benzene ring to those having a picolinic acid by simple growing cell reactions using Escherichia coli that expressed the six bacterial genes involved in biphenyl catabolism

The comprehensive bioconversion of aromatic compounds with a benzene ring to a picolinic acid was achieved with a recombinant Escherichia coli strain that expressed the six genes involved in biphenyl catabolism, these being the bphA1(2072)A2A3A4 genes encoding the evolved biphenyl dioxygenase, the bphB gene encoding dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, and the bphC gene encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase.     

Porphyrin Network Polymers Prepared via a Click Reaction and Facilitated Oxygen Permeation Through Their Membranes

Network polymers of cobaltporphyrin derivatives are prepared by a facile click reaction via the Michael addition of acetoacetate‐substituted tetraphenyl cobaltporphyrin and tri‐ or tetra‐acrylates. The conversion is saturated for 1 h in the presence of a catalyst, which almost reaches the same gelation point of the formed network polymers. Deeply and homogeneously red‐colored membranes with a sub‐micrometer thickness are yielded on a porous supporting membrane. They are still tough even with a very high content of the rigid porphyrin residue. The oxygen permeability is high, at 10–100 Barrer, and the oxygen/nitrogen permselectivity (P_O2/P_N2) is significantly enhanced with the porphyrin content reaching 30, for the membranes with ca. 70 wt% porphyrin content.

     

Effect of particle size of drug on conversion of crystals to an amorphous state in a solid dispersion with crospovidone

The effect of particle size on amorphization of drugs in a solid dispersion (SD) was investigated for two drugs, indomethacin (IM) and nifedipine (NP). The SD of drugs were prepared in a mixture with crospovidone by a variety of mechanical methods, and their properties investigated by particle sizing, thermal analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction. IM, which had an initial particle size of 1 μm and tends to aggregate, was forced through a sieve to break up the particles. NP, which had a large initial particle size, was jet-milled. In both cases, reduction of the particle size of the drugs enabled transition to an amorphous state below the melting point of the drug. The reduction in particle size is considered to enable increased contact between the crospovidone and drug particles, increasing interactions between the two compounds.     

Synthesis of 3,3‐Dimethyl‐4‐chromanones: Improved Procedures Without Ring Opening

A procedure for the 3,3‐dimethylation of 4‐chromanones under basic conditions was improved; the by‐product from chromanone ring opening was isolated and its structure was determined.     

Rapid collection of iron hydroxide for determination of Th isotopes in seawater

This work introduces a novel method of recovery of iron hydroxide using a DIAION CR-20 chelating resin column to determine Th isotopes in seawater with a sector field (SF) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Thorium isotopes in seawater were co-precipitated with iron hydroxide, and this precipitate was sent to chelating resin column. Ferric ions in the iron hydroxide were bonded to functional groups of the chelating resin directly, resulting in a pH increase of the effluent by release of hydroxide ion from the iron hydroxide. The co-precipitated thorium isotopes were quantitatively collected within the column, which indicated that thorium was retained on the iron hydroxide remaining on the chelating column. The chelating column quantitatively collected ²³²Th with iron hydroxide in seawater at flow rates of 20–25 mL min⁻¹. Based on this flow rate, a 5 L sample was processed within 3–4 h. The >20 h aging of iron hydroxide tends to reduce the recovery of ²³²Th. The rapid collection method was successfully applied to the determination of ²³⁰Th and ²³²Th in open-ocean seawater samples.     

Synthesis of cyclodextrin‐based radial polycatenane cyclized by amide bond and subsequent fabrication of water‐soluble derivatives

Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry - In recent years, functional materials using cyclodextrin (CD)-based polyrotaxanes have attracted considerable attention, and...     

Identification and characterization of component organic and glycosidic acids of crude resin glycoside fraction from Calystegia soldanella

Alkaline hydrolysis of the crude resin glycoside fraction of the leaves, stems, and roots of Calystegia soldanella ROEM. et SCHULT. (Convolvulaceae) gave four new glycosidic acids, named calysolic acids A, B, C, and D, along with one known glycosidic acid, soldanellic acid B, and three organic acids, 2S-methylbutyric, tiglic, and 2S,3S-nilic acids. The structures of the new glycosidic acids were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence.