Almost lacunary statistical and strongly almost lacunary convergence of sequences of fuzzy numbers

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts of almost lacunary statistical convergence and strongly almost lacunary convergence of sequences of fuzzy numbers. We give some relations related to these concepts. We establish some connections between strongly almost lacunary convergence and almost lacunary statistical convergence of sequences of fuzzy numbers. It is also shown that if a sequence of fuzzy numbers is strongly almost lacunary convergent with respect to an Orlicz function then it is almost lacunary statistical convergent.     

Electrokinetic flow in an elliptic microchannel covered by ion-penetrable membrane

The electrokinetic flow of an electrolyte solution in an elliptical microchannel covered by an ion-penetrable, charged membrane layer is examined theoretically. The present analysis extends previous results in that a two-dimensional problem is considered, and the system under consideration simulates the flow of a fluid, for example, in a microchannel of biological nature such as vein. The electroosmostic volumetric flow rate, the total electric current, the streaming potential, and the electroviscous effect of the system under consideration are evaluated. We show that, for a constant hydraulic diameter, the variations of these quantities as a function of the aspect ratio of a microchannel may have a local minimum or a local maximum at a medium level of ionic strength, which depends on the thickness of the membrane layer. For a constant cross-sectional area, the electroosmostic volumetric flow rate, the total electric current, and the streaming potential increase monotonically with the increase in the aspect ratio, but the reverse is true for the electroviscous effect.     

A mononuclear, mixed (salicylato) (nicotinamide) complex of Zn(II) with penta- and hexa-coordination sites: a novel framework structure

The title compound, diaqua(bissalicylato-??O)(bisnicotinamide-??N)zinc(II)][bis(triaqua (monosalicylato-??O)(mononicotinamide-??N)zinc(II)salicylate, includes three Zn(II) ions, four nicotinamide ligands, six salicylate ligands and eight coordinated aqua ligands in the asymmetric unit in complex structure. The geometry around one of the Zn(II) ions is a slightly distorted octahedron, of which the equatorial plane is formed by two carboxylate oxygens and two aqua oxygens, while the axial positions are occupied by two pyridyl nitrogen atoms. The other Zn(II) ions adopt fivefold coordinations with one carboxylate oxygen atom from salicylate ligand, one N atom from nicotinamide ligand and three oxygen atoms from aqua ligands. In addition, there are two salicylate anions in the unit cell that are not coordinated. They provide charge balance as counter-ions in the complex framework.     

Phthalocyanine with a giant dielectric constant

Compound 1 has been prepared by the reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile and trans-2-methoxy-4-(2-nitrovinil)phenol by the common method of nucleophilic substitution of an activated nitro group in an aromatic ring. The metallophthalocyanines 2, 3 were prepared by the reaction of a dinitrile derivative with Co(OAc)(2) or Zn(OAc)(2) in DMSO. The lutetium bis-(phthalocyaninato) complex 4 was obtained by treating the dinitrile derivative with lutetium acetate and DBU in 1-hexanol. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, (1)H-NMR, MALDI-TOF MS and UV/Vis spectral data. The spectroscopic data of the new compounds were in accordance with the structures. The temperature and frequency dependence of dielectric and conduction properties of the spin coated film of compounds (2-4) have been studied by fabricating metal-Pc-metal structures. The results show that compound 2 has giant dielectric constant. At a low range of frequency and room temperature, ε' is found to be equal to 2.33 × 10(6), 1.53 × 10(4) and 1.03 × 10(4) for 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The giant dielectric behavior of 2 is mainly attributed to Maxwell-Wagner polarization. The obtained results also indicated that the frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivity, ε'(ω), exhibits non-Debye type relaxation for all temperatures investigated. The ac conductivity results gave a temperature dependent frequency exponent s. The results were compared with the prediction of the Quantum Mechanical Tunneling and Correlated Barrier Hopping models.     

Syntheses of four new pyridinium phenolates with caged phenolate functionalities as chromophores for quadratic optics

Semi-empirical calculations as well as our preliminary studies indicate an increase of the nonlinear response of pyridinium phenolates with the raise of their interplanar angle. Unfortunately, the tendency of previously synthesized zwitterionic compounds to form aggregates prevents their use in electro-optical devices. In order to understand the process of aggregation and to circumvent it, the syntheses of new pyridinium phenolates bearing alkyl chains of various length, caging the phenolate functionality, have been achieved and are described herein.     

Synthesis,Molecular Structure and Spectroscopic Studies of 6,6'-(1E,1'E)-(Ethane-1,2-Diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(Phenylmethan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(3-(Octyloxy)phenol)

Crystallography Reports - 6,6'-(1E,1'E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(phenylmethan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(3-(octyloxy)phenol) has been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H,...     

Evaluation of infection imaging potential of <Superscript>131</Superscript>I-labeled imidazolium salt

Effective antimicrobial compounds are necessary due to increased resistance of antibiotics against microorganisms causing infectious diseases. In this study, imidazolium-TFSI salt [ITFSI: octyl-bis(3-methylimidazolium)-di(bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide)] was labeled with ¹³¹I with high efficiency. In vitro uptake experiments of ¹³¹I-ITFSI showed high uptake in gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. ¹³¹I-ITFSI was also evaluated for comparison between bacterial infection and sterile inflammation by in vivo studies. The biodistribution results revealed that ¹³¹I-ITFSI might be used as a nuclear imaging agent for detection of bacterial infection.     

A kinetic study on methylation of naphthalene over Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts

2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene is an important dimethylnaphthalene isomer which can be used in the production of polyethylene naphthalate. The novelty of this study is to reveal Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal reaction rate equations for the methylation of naphthalene over Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts besides the proposed reaction rate equation. To investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of naphthalene methylation, the methylation experiments were carried out in a gas–solid catalytic fixed-bed reactor in the presence of Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts at two different temperatures (450 and 500 °C) and five different weight hourly space velocities (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 h^?1). A naphthalene:methanol:1,2,4-trimethyl benzene mixture having a 1:3:10 molar ratio was used as a feed stream. The methylation products were identified by using GC–MS. For the methylation kinetics of naphthalene, the reaction rates depending on the naphthalene and methanol concentration were determined. Furthermore, the effects of temperature and weight hourly space velocity on the conversion of naphthalene, the selectivity of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, and the ratio of 2-methylnaphthalene/1-methylnaphthalene were determined. The results of this study demonstrate that the Langmuir–Hinshelwood reaction mechanism for naphthalene methylation is more compatible at 450 °C and the Eley–Rideal reaction mechanism at 500 °C. Moreover, in addition to 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, other dimethylnaphthalene and tri-methylnaphthalene isomers were formed in the methylation of naphthalene. The conversion of naphthalene reached approximately 70%. Moreover, the highest selectivity of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene was almost 40%. The ratios of 2-methylnaphthalene/1-methylnaphalene demonstrate that the methylation of naphthalene to 2-methynaphthalene is much higher than to 1-methynaphthalene.