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21.
The baseline and forced flow around a bluff body with semi-elliptical D-shape was investigated by solving the 2D Navier–Stokes
equations at low Reynolds numbers. A D-shape rather than the canonic circular-cylinder was selected due to the fixed separation
points in the latter, enabling to study a pure wake rather than boundary-layer control. The correlation between Strouhal and
Reynolds numbers, the mean drag, the lift and drag oscillations vs. the Reynolds number and wake structure were investigated
and compared to experimental and numerical data. Effects of open-loop forcing, resulting from the influence of zero-mass-flux
actuators located at the fixed separation points, were studied at a Reynolds number of 150. Fluidic rather than body motion
or volume forcing was selected due to applicability considerations. The motivation for the study was to quantify the changes
in the flow field features, as captured by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis, due to open-loop forcing, inside
and outside the “lock-in” regime. This is done in order to evaluate the suitability of low-order-models based on POD modes
of this changing flow field, for future feed-back flow control studies. The evolution of the natural and the excited vortices
in the Kármán wake were also investigated. The formation and convection regions of the vortex evolution were documented. It
was found that the forcing causes an earlier detachment of the vortices from the boundary-layers, but does not affect their
circulation or convection speeds. The results of the POD analysis of the near-wake flow show that the influence of the bluff
body shape (“D”-shaped versus circular cylinder) on the baseline POD wake modes is small. It was found that the eigenfunctions
(mode-shapes) of the POD velocity modes are less sensitive to slot excitation than the vorticity modes. As a result of the
open-loop excitation, two types of mode-shape-change were observed: a mode can be exchanged with a lower-energy mode or shifted
to a low energy level. In the latter case, the most energetic mode becomes the “actuator” mode. The evolution of one-slot
excitation on still fluid (“Synthetic jet”) was studied and compared to published data and to “actuator” modes with external
flow present. Based on the current findings, it is hypothesized that the cross-flow velocity POD modes are suitable for feedback
control of wake flow using periodic excitation, due to their low sensitivity to the excitation as compared to the streamwise
velocity or vorticity modes. 相似文献
22.
Lucas R Gómez-Pinto I Aviñó A Reina JJ Eritja R González C Morales JC 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(6):1909-1916
Carbohydrate-nucleic acid contacts are known to be a fundamental part of some drug-DNA recognition processes. Most of these interactions occur through the minor groove of DNA, such as in the calicheamicin or anthracycline families, or through both minor and major groove binders such as in the pluramycins. Here, we demonstrate that carbohydrate-DNA interactions are also possible through sugar capping of a DNA double helix. Highly polar mono- and disaccharides are capable of CH/π stacking onto the terminal DNA base pair of a duplex as shown by NMR spectroscopy. The energetics of the carbohydrate-DNA interactions vary depending on the stereochemistry, polarity, and contact surface of the sugar involved and also on the terminal base pair. These results reveal carbohydrate-DNA base stacking as a potential recognition motif to be used in drug design, supramolecular chemistry, or biobased nanomaterials. 相似文献
23.
Cortez-Espinosa N Aviña-Verduzco JA Ramírez-Chávez E Molina-Torres J Ríos-Chávez P 《Natural product communications》2011,6(6):857-861
Acmella radicans (Asteraceae) produces at least seven alkamides, most with either an isobutyl- or phenylethyl group as the amine moiety. These moieties suggest that the amino acids valine and phenylalanine are the biosynthetic precursors of these alkamides. On the basis of labeled feeding experiments using either L-[2H8]valine or L-[2H8]phenylalanine we present evidence for the involvement of these two amino acids in the biosynthesis of (2E,6Z,8E)-N-isobutyl-2,6,8-decatrienamide (affinin) (1), (2Z,4E)-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2,4-octadienamide (2), (2E)-N-(2-phenylethyl)-nona-2-en-6,8-diynamide (3), and 3-phenyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2-propenamide (4). Alkamides were isolated from young A. radicans plants and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, in cell free in vitro experiments based on isobutyl and phenylethylamide biosynthesis, using a colorimetric assay and GC-MS, valine and phenylalanine decarboxylase activities were assayed in the soluble extract of A. radicans leaves. 相似文献
24.
Avi BickWalter Willinger 《Stochastic Processes and their Applications》1994,50(2):349-374
The paper presents a non-probabilistic approach to continuous-time trading where, in analogy to the binomial option-pricing model, terminal payoffs resulting from a given trading strategy are meaningful ‘state-by-state’, i.e., path-by-path. In particular, we obtain results of the form: “If a certain trading strategy is applied and if the realized price trajectory satisfies a certain analytical property, then the terminal payoff is.…” This way, derivation of the Black and Scholes formula and its extension become an exercise in the analysis of a certain class of real functions. While results of the above forms are of great interest if the analytical property in question is believed to be satisfied for almost all realized price trajectories (for example, if the price is believed to follow a certain stochastic process which has this property with probability 1), they are valid regardless of the stochastic process which presumably generates the possible price trajectories or the probability assigned to the set of all paths having this analytical property. 相似文献
25.
26.
Aamodt K Abelev B Quintana AA Adamová D Adare AM Aggarwal MM Rinella GA Agocs AG Salazar SA Ahammed Z Masoodi AA Ahmad N Ahn SU Akindinov A Aleksandrov D Alessandro B Molina RA Alici A Alkin A Aviña EA Alt T Altini V Altinpinar S Altsybeev I Andrei C Andronic A Anguelov V Anson C Antičić T Antinori F Antonioli P Aphecetche L Appelshäuser H Arbor N Arcelli S Arend A Armesto N Arnaldi R Aronsson T Arsene IC Asryan A Augustinus A Averbeck R Awes TC Aystö J Azmi MD Bach M Badalà A Baek YW 《Physical review letters》2010,105(25):252301
The first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √ S NN = 2.76 TeV is presented. For an event sample corresponding to the most central 5% of the hadronic cross section, the pseudorapidity density of primary charged particles at midrapidity is 1584 ± 4(stat) ± 76(syst), which corresponds to 8.3 ± 0.4(syst) per participating nucleon pair. This represents an increase of about a factor 1.9 relative to pp collisions at similar collision energies, and about a factor 2.2 to central Au-Au collisions at √ S NN = 2.76 TeV. This measurement provides the first experimental constraint for models of nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energies. 相似文献
27.
Aamodt K Abelev B Quintana AA Adamová D Adare AM Aggarwal MM Rinella GA Agocs AG Salazar SA Ahammed Z Masoodi AA Ahmad N Ahn SU Akindinov A Aleksandrov D Alessandro B Molina RA Alici A Alkin A Aviña EA Alt T Altini V Altinpinar S Altsybeev I Andrei C Andronic A Anguelov V Anson C Antičić T Antinori F Antonioli P Aphecetche L Appelshäuser H Arbor N Arcelli S Arend A Armesto N Arnaldi R Aronsson T Arsene IC Asryan A Augustinus A Averbeck R Awes TC Aystö J Azmi MD Bach M Badalà A Baek YW 《Physical review letters》2010,105(25):252302
We report the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[S(NN)] =2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|η|<0.8) and transverse momentum range 0.2
相似文献
28.
29.
A highly selective and rapid electrochemical assay of the improvised explosive urea nitrate (UN) is reported. The method involves a short ( approximately 10 s) acid-catalyzed reaction of UN with 4-nitrotoluene (NT) followed by a rapid ( approximately 2 s) square-wave voltammetric (SWV) detection of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) product. The new protocol offers great promise for a reliable field detection of UN, with significant advantages of speed, sensitivity, portability, simplicity, and cost. 相似文献
30.