离散可激发介质中早期后去极化对螺旋波影响的数值研究

通过考虑某些不应态也可以被激发,在离散可激发介质Greenberg-Hasting模型中引入早期后去极化行为,研究了早期后去极化对螺旋波的影响.数值结果表明:在适当选择参数下,早期后去极化对螺旋波有很大影响,这些影响包括使螺旋波漫游、漂移和破碎,导致螺旋波波纹被扭曲和波臂粗细交替变化,以及导致螺旋波的周期在两个值之间交替变化,产生从稳定螺旋波到呼吸螺旋波和反螺旋波的相变等.当不应态的激发阈值很高时,早期后去极化对螺旋波没有影响.对发生上述现象作了简要的讨论. 关键词： 离散可激发介质 螺旋波 早期后去极化     

Structures of Pt clusters on graphene doped with nitrogen, boron, and silicon: a theoretical study

The structures of Pt clusters on nitrogen-,boron-,silicon-doped graphenes are theoretically studied using densityfunctional theory.These dopants(nitrogen,boron and silicon) each do not induce a local curvature in the graphene and the doped graphenes all retain their planar form.The formation energy of the silicon-graphene system is lower than those of the nitrogen-,boron-doped graphenes,indicating that the silicon atom is easier to incorporate into the graphene.All the substitutional impurities enhance the interaction between the Pt atom and the graphene.The adsorption energy of a Pt adsorbed on the silicon-doped graphene is much higher than those on the nitrogen-and boron-doped graphenes.The doped silicon atom can provide more charges to enhance the Pt-graphene interaction and the formation of Pt clusters each with a large size.The stable structures of Pt clusters on the doped-graphenes are dimeric,triangle and tetrahedron with the increase of the Pt coverage.Of all the studied structures,the tetrahedron is the most stable cluster which has the least influence on the planar surface of doped-graphene.     

On the Formation of Nanostructures from Stilbazolium-like Dyes

Nanostructures with well-defined shape and highly monodisperse size were fabricated from model stilbazolium-like dyes with specific molecular structural and conformational characteristics. With the help of absorption and fluorescence optical spectroscopy, the correlated spectroscopy (COSY) and two- dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D NOESY) techniques, along with X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, distinctively different aggregation processes of the model molecules are demonstrated. For model dye molecule with linear donor–π system–acceptor (D–π–A) structure, strong D–A pair, and planar conformation, specific intermolecular interaction was identified and special crystal structures as well as spectral properties were observed. For model dye molecules bearing nonlinear D–π–A–π–D structure, weak D–A pair but actual amphiphilic characteristics, a special aggregation process was confirmed and a focused size distribution of the produced nanostructures was obtained.     

Microelectromagnet for magnetic manipulation in lab-on-a-chip systems

We demonstrate a simple scheme for fabrication of microelectromagnets consisting of planar spiral coils semi-encapsulated in soft magnetic yokes using conventional microfabrication techniques. The microelectromagnets are suitable for applications operating at frequencies below 250 kHz. Conventional fabrication schemes for planar microelectromagnets typically rely on five mask steps. We allow the current to flow in the soft magnetic yoke and thereby two mask steps are eliminated. We have characterized the electromagnets electrically, the results agree well with theory, and the implications arising from current flowing in the magnetic yoke are discussed. We have integrated the microelectromagnets with microfluidic channels, and demonstrated separation of commercially available magnetic beads from a fluid in a microfluidic system, i.e. a lab-on-a-chip system.     

C72,La2@C72几何结构和电子性质的计算研究

采用密度泛涵理论(density functional theory,DFT)中的广义梯度近似(generally gradient approximation,GGA)对富勒烯C72和内掺金属La富勒烯La2@C72三种同分异构体的几何结构和电子结构进行研究.发现在C72的三种同分异构体中,满足独立五边形规则(isolated-pentagon-rule,IPR)的C72(D6d)结构最为稳定;在La2@C72三种同分异构体中,有着两对两两相邻五元环(twofused-pentagon)的La2@C72(#10611)结构最为稳定,而满足IPR的La2@C72(D6d)的结构变成了最不稳定结构.从能级图和态密度图分析得知,笼子稳定性的变化与La原子的原子轨道与C72原子轨道之间的杂化有关.Mulliken电荷分析得知,La2@C72(#10611)的两个La原子共转移了约3个电子给C72,并且,它们几乎分布在整个C笼上,形成的电子结构为La23+@C3-72.净自旋分析得知,La2@C72(#10611)中La原子磁性完全淬灭.     

过量Zn对β-Zn4Sb3热电性能影响的研究

采用真空熔融缓冷方法制备了单相β-Zn4Sb3以及含有过量Zn的β-Zn4Sb3块体热电材料.在300—700K的温度范围内测试了材料的电导率、Seebeck系数和热导率,研究了β-Zn4Sb3化合物中过量Zn的分布状态及其对材料热电性能的影响规律.结果表明：过量的Zn作为第二相较均匀的分布在β-Zn4Sb3的晶界上,随着Zn含量增加,材料电导率和热导率上升,Seebeck系数下降,Zn第二相的引入能有效提高材料的功率因子,Zn过量2at%的材料在700K时其ZT值达到1.10.     

Distributed measurement of birefringence dispersion in polarization-maintaining fibers

A new method to measure the birefringence dispersion in high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers is presented using white-light interferometry. By analyzing broadening of low-coherence interferograms obtained in a scanning Michelson interferometer, the birefringence dispersion and its variation along different fiber sections are acquired with high sensitivity and accuracy. Birefringence dispersions of two PANDA fibers at their operation wavelength are measured to be 0.011 ps/(km nm) and 0.018 ps/(km nm), respectively. Distributed measurement capability of the method is also verified experimentally.     

Acoustic features of objects matched by an echolocating bottlenose dolphin

The focus of this study was to investigate how dolphins use acoustic features in returning echolocation signals to discriminate among objects. An echolocating dolphin performed a match-to-sample task with objects that varied in size, shape, material, and texture. After the task was completed, the features of the object echoes were measured (e.g., target strength, peak frequency). The dolphin's error patterns were examined in conjunction with the between-object variation in acoustic features to identify the acoustic features that the dolphin used to discriminate among the objects. The present study explored two hypotheses regarding the way dolphins use acoustic information in echoes: (1) use of a single feature, or (2) use of a linear combination of multiple features. The results suggested that dolphins do not use a single feature across all object sets or a linear combination of six echo features. Five features appeared to be important to the dolphin on four or more sets: the echo spectrum shape, the pattern of changes in target strength and number of highlights as a function of object orientation, and peak and center frequency. These data suggest that dolphins use multiple features and integrate information across echoes from a range of object orientations.     

机载腔增强吸收光谱系统应用于大气NO_2空间高时间分辨率测量

介绍了一套用于机载平台测量的非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱(IBBCEAS)系统,并应用于实际大气NO_2空间分布的高时间分辨率观测.为满足机载测量中对时间分辨率的需求,系统采用离轴抛物面镜代替消色差透镜提高光学耦合效率;并运用Allan方差,对系统性能进行了分析.通过腔增强吸收光谱系统与长光程吸收光谱系统对实际大气NO_2的对比测试,两者线性相关系数R~2达到0.86.将IBBCEAS系统应用于机载平台,在时间分辨率为2 s的情况下,探测限达到95 ppt(1σ).通过机载观测,获得了华北地区石家庄等地上空对流层大气NO_2的廓线信息.     

反应物分子初始振动激发对H+CH~+→C~++H_2反应的影响

在CH_2~+体系的电子基态势能面上运用准经典轨线方法,研究了当碰撞能E=500 me V时,反应物分子的振动激发对H(~2S)+CH~+(X~1Σ~+)→C+(~2P)+H_2(X1_gΣ~+)反应的反应概率、反应截面和立体动力学性质的影响.分别计算了两矢量相关k-j′的P(θ_r)分布,三矢量相关k-k′-j′的P(φr)分布以及反应产物的四个极化微分截面.结果表明,产物分子转动角动量不仅在Y轴方向有取向效应,还定于Y轴的正方向.并且发现,随着振动量子数的增加,对反应体系产物分布的影响就越明显.