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51.
Hara M Samori S Cai X Tojo S Arai T Momotake A Hayakawa J Uda M Kawai K Endo M Fujitsuka M Majima T 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(43):14217-14223
The two-photon ionization (TPI) process (308 and 266 nm) of stilbene dendrimers having a stilbene core and benzyl ether type dendrons has been investigated in an acetonitrile and 1,2-dichloroethane mixture (3:1) in order to elucidate the dendrimer effects. The quantum yield of the formation of stilbene core radical cation during the 308-nm TPI was independent of the dendron generation of the dendrimers, whereas a generation dependence of the quantum yield of the radical cation was observed during the 266-nm TPI, where both the stilbene core and benzyl ether type dendron were ionized, suggesting that the subsequent hole transfer occurs from the dendron to the stilbene core, and that the dendron acts as a hole-harvesting antenna. The neutralization rate of the stilbene core radical cation with the chloride ion, generated from the dissociative electron capture by 1,2-dichloroethane, decreased with the increase in the dendrimer generation, suggesting that the dendron is an effective shield of the stilbene core radical cation against the chloride ion. 相似文献
52.
Three advanced CIELAB-based color-difference formulae, CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000, together with the basic CIELAB equation,
were tested using large color-difference visual data (maximum average size was 12 CIELAB ΔE units) produced in this study.
The color-difference comparison experiment was carried out at CIE Gray and Blue centers by a panel of 6 normal color-vision
observers using CRT-generated stimuli based on the psychophysical method of constant stimuli. The experimental data, processed
via probit analysis, were well fitted to chromaticity ellipses with a high reliance according to the observer accuracy in
terms ofPF/3 measure. A detailed comparison was performed to analyze the agreement between predicted color differences from all formulae
and their corresponding visual scales in all measurement planes of CIELAB space. The results show that the CIEDE2000 marginally
outperformed the others at all color centers while CIE94 was the worst in original formulae or with optimizedk
L value, but the CIELAB performed worst when the parametric factors ofk
L,kc, andk
H were all optimized, with the CMC always lying between these extremes. 相似文献
53.
Takeo Sasaki Takayuki Kondo Motoki Noro Kazuya Saida Hiroaki Yaguchi Yumiko Naka 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(8):1462-1468
Photoinduced depolymerization of poly(olefin sulfone)s mixed with a photobase generating compound was investigated. Irradiation of 254 nm UV light to films comprising of a mixture of a photobase generating compound and poly(olefin sulfone)s with volatile monomers caused photoinduced depolymerization and the irradiated part of the film vaporized. The effect of the poly(olefin sulfone) structure on the photoinduced depolymerization process was investigated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
54.
Yasui K Towata A Tuziuti T Kozuka T Kato K 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2011,130(5):3233-3242
The effect of static pressure on acoustic emissions including shock-wave emissions from cavitation bubbles in viscous liquids under ultrasound has been studied by numerical simulations in order to investigate the effect of static pressure on dispersion of nano-particles in liquids by ultrasound. The results of the numerical simulations for bubbles of 5 μm in equilibrium radius at 20 kHz have indicated that the optimal static pressure which maximizes the energy of acoustic waves radiated by a bubble per acoustic cycle increases as the acoustic pressure amplitude increases or the viscosity of the solution decreases. It qualitatively agrees with the experimental results by Sauter et al. [Ultrason. Sonochem. 15, 517 (2008)]. In liquids with relatively high viscosity (~200 mPa s), a bubble collapses more violently than in pure water when the acoustic pressure amplitude is relatively large (~20 bar). In a mixture of bubbles of different equilibrium radius (3 and 5 μm), the acoustic energy radiated by a 5 μm bubble is much larger than that by a 3 μm bubble due to the interaction with bubbles of different equilibrium radius. The acoustic energy radiated by a 5 μm bubble is substantially increased by the interaction with 3 μm bubbles. 相似文献
55.
Yue Wang Koki Ogasahara Daisuke Tomihama Radomir Mysliborski Masatoshi Ishida Yongseok Hong Yusuke Notsuka Yoshihisa Yamaoka Tomotaka Murayama Atsuya Muranaka Masanobu Uchiyama Shigeki Mori Yuhsuke Yasutake Susumu Fukatsu Dongho Kim Hiroyuki Furuta 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(37):16161-16166
The synthesis of organometallic complexes of modified 26π‐conjugated hexaphyrins with absorption and emission capabilities in the third near‐infrared region (NIR‐III) is described. Symmetry alteration of the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) of bis‐PdII and bis‐PtII complexes of hexaphyrin via N‐confusion modification led to substantial metal dπ–pπ interactions. This MO mixing, in turn, resulted in a significantly narrower HOMO–LUMO energy gap. A remarkable long‐wavelength shift of the lowest S0→S1 absorption beyond 1700 nm was achieved with the bis‐PtII complex, t ‐Pt2‐3 . The emergence of photoacoustic (PA) signals maximized at 1700 nm makes t ‐Pt2‐3 potentially useful as a NIR‐III PA contrast agent. The rigid bis‐PdII complexes, t ‐Pd2‐3 and c ‐Pd2‐3 , are rare examples of NIR emitters beyond 1500 nm. The current study provides new insight into the design of stable, expanded porphyrinic dyes possessing NIR‐III‐emissive and photoacoustic‐response capabilities. 相似文献
56.
18π‐Electron Tautomeric Benziphthalocyanine: A Functional Near‐Infrared Dye with Tunable Aromaticity
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Naoyuki Toriumi Dr. Atsuya Muranaka Dr. Keiichi Hirano Kengo Yoshida Dr. Daisuke Hashizume Prof. Dr. Masanobu Uchiyama 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(30):7814-7818
Dihydroxybenziphthalocyanine 1 , with bulky aryloxy groups, has been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography, NMR and UV/Vis‐NIR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. Macrocycle 1 is the first example of an aromatic benziphthalocyanine with an 18π‐electron structure, and was found to exist as an equilibrium mixture of weakly aromatic and strongly aromatic tautomers. The aromaticity and near‐IR absorption can be controlled by chemical modification at the reactive resorcinol moiety and by variation of the solvent. 相似文献
57.
To investigate the effect of exposure duration on stereopsis and its spatial frequency dependency, we measured disparity threshold for the depth discrimination varying stimulus exposure duration between 0.05 and 2 s for three spatial frequencies (0.23, 0.94 and 3.75 c/deg). The results showed that disparity threshold decreased with increase in exposure duration up to a certain duration, beyond which it was approximately constant (the duration is called critical duration). The critical duration was about 150 ms for gratings with low and middle spatial frequencies (0.23 and 0.94 c/deg) while the duration was about 750 ms for gratings with high spatial frequency (3.75 c/deg). This suggests that temporal integration property varies dependently on stimulus spatial frequency. We also attempted to relate the spatial frequency dependency of the temporal integration property to the differences in temporal frequency tuning to different spatial frequency stimuli. 相似文献
58.
Sankar J Mori S Saito S Rath H Suzuki M Inokuma Y Shinokubo H Kim KS Yoon ZS Shin JY Lim JM Matsuzaki Y Matsushita O Muranaka A Kobayashi N Kim D Osuka A 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2008,130(41):13568-13579
meso-Aryl-substituted [28]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1) have been examined by (1)H, (13)C, and (19)F NMR spectroscopies, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All of these data consistently indicate that [28]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1) in solution at 25 degrees C exist largely as an equilibrium among several rapidly interconverting twisted M?bius conformations with distinct aromaticities, with a small contribution from a planar rectangular conformation with antiaromatic character at slightly higher energy. In the solid state, [28]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1) take either planar or M?bius-twisted conformations, depending upon the meso-aryl substituents and crystallization conditions, indicating a small energy difference between the two conformers. Importantly, when the temperature is decreased to -100 degrees C in THF, these rapid interconversions among M?bius conformations are frozen, allowing the detection of a single [28]hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1) species having a M?bius conformation. Detailed analyses of the solid-state M?bius structures of compounds 2b, 2c, and 2f showed that singly twisted structures are achieved without serious strain and that cyclic pi-conjugation is well-preserved, as needed for exhibiting strong diatropic ring currents. Actually, the harmonic-oscillator model for aromaticity (HOMA) values of these structures are significantly large (0.85, 0.69, and 0.71, respectively), confirming the first demonstration of stable M?bius aromatic systems consisting of free-base expanded porphyrins without the assistance of metal coordination. 相似文献
59.
60.
Numerical simulations of nonequilibrium chemical reactions in a pulsating air bubble have been performed for various ultrasonic frequencies (20 kHz, 100 kHz, 300 kHz, and 1 MHz) and pressure amplitudes (up to 10 bars). The results of the numerical simulations have indicated that the main oxidant is OH radical inside a nearly vaporous or vaporous bubble which is defined as a bubble with higher molar fraction of water vapor than 0.5 at the end of the bubble collapse. Inside a gaseous bubble which is defined as a bubble with much lower vapor fraction than 0.5, the main oxidant is H2O2 when the bubble temperature at the end of the bubble collapse is in the range of 4000-6500 K and O atom when it is above 6500 K. From the interior of a gaseous bubble, an appreciable amount of OH radical also dissolves into the liquid. When the bubble temperature at the end of the bubble collapse is higher than 7000 K, oxidants are strongly consumed inside a bubble by oxidizing nitrogen and the main chemical products inside a bubble are HNO2, NO, and HNO3. 相似文献