Coordination complexes of lithium chloride with polar solvents and monomers were isolated, and their physical properties were studied. The parallel between stabilities of isolated complexes and coordination function in the polymerization system is discussed. The increase of the Q and e values of p-vinylbenzamide (VBA) supports the mechanism of vinyl-type polymerization of VBA in the presence of the salt. The specific solvent effect of dimethyl sulfoxide was determined by measurement of electrical conductivity of a model system. 相似文献
An acid urease column was applied to a fluorometric flow-injection analysis (FIA) system as a recognition element for determination of urea in rice wines.
The acid urease has specific properties of showing its catalytic activity in low pH range and tolerance to ethanol in comparison to those of a urease from jack-beans. The enzymes were covalently immobilized onto porous glass beads with controlled pore size and then, packed into a small polymer column. The flow-type of the biosensing system was assembled with a sample injection valve, the immobilized enzyme column, and a flow-through quartz cell attached to a fluorescent spectrophotometer. Citrate buffer (50 mM, pH 5.0) as the carrier solution was continuously pumped through the system. Sample solutions were introduced into the system via a rotary injection valve. A standard urea solution was measured through monitoring variations in fluorescent intensity attributable to fluorescent isoindole derivatives formed by coupling with ammonia molecules released in the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea and orthophthalaldehyde reagents. The fluorescent intensity was measured under the conditions of λex = 415 nm and λem = 485 nm. A wide, linear relationship was obtained between the concentration of urea (1.0–100 μM) and the variation in fluorescent intensity. The monitoring did not suffer from ethanol and various amino acids contained in rice wines. Real samples pretreated with ion exchange resins for removal of endogenous ammonia were introduced into the FIA system and urea in the samples was determined. These results were compared with those obtained with use of an F-kit method. The proposed FIA system should present sensitive, selective and convenient analysis of urea in alcoholic beverages. 相似文献
Photocatalytic reactions occurring at semiconductor particles/solution interfaces can be applied to organic syntheses. In this review article, examples of photocatalytic syntheses of cyclic amino acids by suspended semiconductor particles, e.g., titanium(IV) oxide or cadmium(II) sulfide are introduced and interpreted. Different from the photocatalytic decomposition of pollutants under aerobic conditions, selective conversion of organic compounds can be driven by the photocatalytic reactions under deaerated conditions. 相似文献
[reaction: see text] Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of 1-substituted 2-propenyl acetates with dimethyl malonate proceeded with high enantioselectivity in the presence of cesium carbonate as a base and a rhodium catalyst generated from Rh(dpm)(C(2)H(4))(2) (dpm = dipivaloylmethanato) and a chiral phosphino-oxazoline whose basic skeleton is axially chiral binaphthyl to give branch alkylation products in greater than 90% ee. 相似文献
Reaction of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines with aldehydes in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid gave bis[pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-yl)methanes in high yields. 相似文献
A novel, sensitive method for detecting protease inhibitors by using fluorescent protease substrates in gels is described. The protease inhibitors were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels containing a copolymerized peptide substrate, namely 4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (MCA). As the incorporated substrates in the gel, Boc-Phe Ser-Arg-MCA was used for trypsin, Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-MCA for alpha-chymotrypsin, and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA for papain. After electrophoresis, washing and incubating the gel with the target protease solutions allowed the substrate to be cleaved by the protease, and the release of the fluorescent 7 amino-4 methyl-coumarin (AMC), which was detected under a UV transilluminator. The uncleaved peptide-MCA substrate remained where the inhibitors were present, and was visualized as dark blue bands on the light-green fluorescent background gel. This new method offers several advantages over other previous methods including: (i) greatly increased sensitivity can be achieved in a shorter period of time, which may be useful for discovering new protease inhibitors in small amounts of crude material; (ii) the procedure is quite simple and quick since the incubation period is very short and no time is needed for staining and destaining steps; (iii) since these probes using substrate specificity/target proteases, they are excellent tools for detection and discrimination of unknown protease inhibitors for various target proteases. 相似文献
The palladium-catalyzed regio- and diastereo-selective allylic alkylation of allyl acetates with carbon nucleophiles occurred. The stereochemistry was highly controlled by the palladium catalyst with 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid as the ligand, and vicinal quaternary and tertiary carbon centers were constructed. 相似文献
Living cationic ring-opening polymerization under air and water was achieved using a well-defined water-resistant cationic initiator in dichloromethane without purification at ambient temperature. 相似文献