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61.
Itoh Y Ezawa A Kikuchi K Tsuruta Y Niwa T 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2012,403(7):1841-1850
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In hemodialysis (HD) patients, some protein-bound uremic toxins are considered to be associated with CVD. However, it is not yet known which uremic toxins are important in terms of endothelial toxicity. Serum samples were obtained from 45 HD patients before and after HD. Total and free serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate, indoxyl glucuronide, indoleacetic acid, p-cresyl sulfate, p-cresyl glucuronide, phenyl sulfate, phenyl glucuronide, phenylacetic acid, phenylacetyl glutamine, hippuric acid, 4-ethylphenyl sulfate, and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF) were simultaneously measured by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). The effects of these solutes at their pre-HD mean and maximum serum concentrations on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were measured with a ROS probe. Serum levels of 11 of the solutes (all except 4-ethylphenyl sulfate) were significantly increased in HD patients compared to healthy subjects. All 12 solutes showed changes in their protein-binding ratios. In particular, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, CMPF, and 4-ethylphenyl sulfate showed high protein-binding ratios (>95 %) and low reduction rates by HD (<35 %). Indoxyl sulfate at its mean and maximum pre-HD serum concentrations-even with 4 % albumin-stimulated ROS production in HUVEC most intensely, followed by CMPF. In conclusion, the serum levels of 11 protein-bound uremic toxins were increased in HD patients. Indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and CMPF could not be removed efficiently by HD due to their high protein-binding ratios. Indoxyl sulfate most intensely induced endothelial ROS production, followed by CMPF. 相似文献
62.
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64.
Atsuko Nakamura 《Tetrahedron letters》2005,46(37):6373-6376
Xestobergsterol A, a potent inhibitor of histamine release, has been synthesized from dehydroepiandrosterone in a route that used introduction of a novel 15-oxygen functionality, side-chain construction via the orthoester Claisen rearrangement and TBAF-promoted epimerization-aldol condensation. 相似文献
65.
Atsuko Ito Keiko Iwai Chiyuki Oyama Setsu Morimoto Hiroaki Kato 《Hyperfine Interactions》1992,71(1-4):1371-1374
Magnetization and Mössbauer measurements have been made on a diluted antiferromagnets FexMg1?xTiO3 with x=0.2, 0.3 and 0.7. It has been demonstrated that this system exhibits a spin glass or a reentrant spin glass like behavior in the samples with x around the percolation concenrration xc≈0.25. It has been shown that various sizes of magnetic clusters are formed well above the transition temperatures determined by the magnetization measurements in the samples with x near xc. The behavior of Fe0.2Mg0.8TiO3 is discussed as a typical cluster glass. 相似文献
66.
In this paper, we introduce two iterative sequences for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive
mapping and the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem in a Hilbert space. Then, we show that one of the sequences converges
strongly and the other converges weakly. 相似文献
67.
68.
Highly photoluminescent nanocrystals based on a gold(I) complex and their electrophoretic patterning
Saitoh M Balch AL Yuasa J Tada K Onoda M Nakashima T Kawai T 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(17):10947-10952
The fabrication of nanocrystals (NCs) composed of the cationic Au(I) complex was demonstrated by the reprecipitation method in which the colloidal solution of the NCs showed brilliant green phosphorescence with a quantum yield of 83% in n-hexane. Characterization of the prepared NCs was performed by transmission electron microscopy observation and elemental analysis with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The obtained Au(I) NCs were particles of random shapes with a diameter of 200-400 nm. The selected-area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction measurements showed the characteristic diffraction patterns attributable to the crystal structure of the bulk crystal of the Au(I) complex. A similar method was performed with a different counteranion, leading to a colloidal solution of the microcrystals (MCs) with brilliant yellow phosphorescence and a quantum yield of 26% in n-hexane. Luminescence patterning of the NCs and MCs was also achieved successfully by electrophoretic deposition onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate, resulting in characteristic luminescence patterns on the ITO substrates with relatively high photoluminescence quantum yields. 相似文献
69.
Kikura-Hanajiri R Kawamura M Miyajima A Sunouchi M Goda Y 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,400(1):165-174
In order to develop an analytical method for the discrimination of dextromethorphan (an antitussive medicine) from its enantiomer,
levomethorphan (a narcotic) in biological samples, chiral analyses of these drugs and their O-demethyl and/or N-demethyl metabolites in rat plasma, urine, and hair were carried out using LC-MS/MS. After the i.p. administration of dextromethorphan
or levomethorphan to pigmented hairy male DA rats (5 mg/kg/day, 10 days), the parent compounds and their three metabolites
in plasma, urine and hair were determined using LC-MS/MS. Complete chiral separation was achieved in 12 min on a Chiral CD-Ph
column in 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile by a linear gradient program. Most of the metabolites were detected as being the corresponding
O-demethyl and N, O-didemethyl metabolites in the rat plasma and urine after the hydrolysis of O-glucuronides, although obvious differences in the amounts of these metabolites were found between the dextro and levo forms.
No racemation was observed through O- and/or N-demethylation. In the rat hair samples collected 4 weeks after the first administration, those differences were more clearly
detected and the concentrations of the parent compounds, their O-demethyl, N-demethyl, and N, O-didemethyl metabolites were 63.4, 2.7, 25.1, and 0.7 ng/mg for the dextro forms and 24.5, 24.6, 2.6, and 0.5 ng/mg for the
levo forms, respectively. In order to fully investigate the differences of their metabolic properties between dextromethorphan
and levomethorphan, DA rat and human liver microsomes were studied. The results suggested that there might be an enantioselective
metabolism of levomethorphan, especially with regard to the O-demethylation, not only in DA rat but human liver microsomes as well. The proposed chiral analyses might be applied to human
samples and could be useful for discriminating dextromethorphan use from levomethorphan use in the field of forensic toxicology,
although further studies should be carried out using authentic human samples. 相似文献
70.
Itoh A Saitoh T Tani K Uchigaki M Sugimoto Y Yamada J Nakajima H Ohshiro H Sun S Tanahashi T 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2011,59(8):947-951
From the embryos of the seeds of Nelumbo nucifera, three bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, nelumboferine and nelumborines A and B, were isolated along with four known compounds, neferine, liensinine, isoliensinine and anisic acid. The structures of the new alkaloids were determined mainly by spectroscopic methods. 相似文献