One-pot thioetherification of aryl halides with thiourea and benzyl bromide in water catalyzed by Cu-grafted furfural imine-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15

Surface functionalization of SBA-15 followed by its reaction with Cu(OAc)(2) has been carried out to develop a new Cu-grafted functionalized mesoporous material, which catalyzes one-pot three component coupling of different aryl halides with thiourea and benzyl bromide in aqueous medium to produce aryl thioethers in very good yields (80-88%).     

Recent trends in chiral separations on immobilized polysaccharides CSPs

Polysaccharide CSPs are recognized widely in chiral chromatography but the introduction of immobilized phases (Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB and Chiralpak IC columns) is a remarkable achievement. The immobilized CSPs can be used with organic, normal and reversed phase modes; even with prohibited solvents too (tetrahydrofuran, chlorofom, dichloromethane, acetone, 1,4-dioxane, ethylacetate, and certain other ethers). Their susceptibilities to work with a wide range of solvents have increased the range of applications including chiral recognition mechanisms. Besides, these are also useful for monitoring the progress of stereo-specific reactions; normally need prohibited solvents. The present review describes the various aspects of commercial available immobilized chiral columns. Attempts have been made to discuss immobilized polysaccharides CSPs, immobilized vs coated CSPs, comparison of immobilized CSPs, method development, optimization, chiral recognition mechanism and applications. The chiral recognition capabilities of commercial columns were in the order of Chiralpak IA > Chiralpak IB > Chiralpak IC columns; but complimentary to each other. Of course, these CSPs are not fully developed and need more advancements and applications. Definitely, the future of immobilized CSPs is quite better. Hopefully, in the coming years they will be the choice of the chromatographers for chiral separations in liquid chromatography.     

Optical bandgap and electrical conductivity studies on near stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals prepared by VTE process

Vapour transport equilibrium (VTE) technique was used to prepare near stoichiometric LiNbO₃ (NSLN) crystals. Simultaneous occurrence of reduction has been observed during the Li-enrichment that results in the weak absorption bands centred at 1.7, 2.6 and 3.7 eV in the absorption spectrum. Annealing in oxygen atmosphere resulted in decrease in the intensity of these bands. The indirect and direct band-gap energies for NSLN crystals evaluated from absorption studies are reported. The energy of the phonon involved in the indirect transition is ～85 meV (685 cm^?1). Near room temperature ac-conductivity measurements reveal lower conductivity for oxygen annealed NSLN crystal in comparison to as prepared NSLN and CLN specimens. The activation energies for ac-conductivity along the z-direction for NSLN and CLN crystals in the temperature range 500–1100 K are 1.03 eV and 0.96 eV, respectively.     

Microwave Irradiation and Glutamic Acid-Assisted Phytotreatment of Tannery and Surgical Industrial Wastewater by Sorghum

We investigated how different doses of microwave irradiation (MR) affect seed germination in Sorghum, including the level of remediation against textile and surgical wastewater (WW) by modulating biochemical and morpho-physiological mechanisms under glutamic acid (GA) application. The experiment was conducted to determine the impact of foliar-applied GA on Sorghum under wastewater conditions. Plants were treated with or without microwave irradiation (30 s, 2.45 GHz), GA (5 and 10 mM), and wastewater (0, 25, 50, and 100). Growth and photosynthetic pigments were significantly decreased in plants only treated with various concentrations of WW. GA significantly improved the plant growth characteristics both in MR-treated and -untreated plants compared with respective controls. HMs stress increased electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content; however, the GA chelation significantly improved the antioxidant enzymes activities such as ascorbate oxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) both in MR-treated and -untreated plants under WW stress compared with respective controls. The results suggested that the MR-treated plants accumulate higher levels of HMs under GA addition in comparison to the WW-only-treated and MR-untreated plants. The maximum increase in Cd accumulation was observed in the range of 14–629% in the roots, 15–2964% in the stems, and 26–4020% in the leaves; the accumulation of Cu was 18–2757% in the roots, 15–4506% in the stems, and 23–4605% in the leaves; and the accumulation of Pb was 13–4122% in the roots, 21–3588% in the stems, and 21–4990% in the leaves under 10 mM GA and MR-treated plants. These findings confirmed that MR-treated sorghum plants had a higher capacity for HMs uptake under GA and could be used as a potential candidate for wastewater treatment.     

Transformation of Wurtzite ZnO to a New Triclinic Nanoporous ZnO Phase via Hydrothermal Treatment with Metformin for Designing Proton Conducting Material

Zinc oxide is one of the most widely studied semiconductor metal oxides, which predominantly crystallizes as hexagonal wurtzite and often cubic zinc-blende phases. Here we report the transformation of the highly stable wurtzite ZnO to a new triclinic phase NZO-2 by using metformin as a template during post-synthesis hydrothermal treatment. This crystalline phase of the material NZO-2 has been identified through the refinement of the powder XRD data. NZO-2 possesses porous rod like particle morphology consisting of the self-assembly of 3–7 nm size spherical nanoparticles and interparticle nanoscopic voids spaces. NZO-2 has been surface phosphorylated and the resulting material displayed good proton conductivity. Further, NZO-2 displayed ultra-low band gap of 1.74 eV, thereby responsible for red emission under high energy laser excitation and this may open new opportunities in optoelectronic application of ZnO.     

Group theoretical analysis for magnetohydrodynamic generalized Stokes’ flow and radiative heat transfer model of a non-Newtonian nanofluid with heat generation/absorption

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The fully developed boundary layer flow and heat transfer model of an unsteady, incompressible, electrically conducting, optically thick and...     

Radiosynthesis and Biodistribution of <Superscript>99m</Superscript>Tc-Metronidazole as an <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> Infection Imaging Radiopharmaceutical

Bacterial infection poses life-threatening challenge to humanity and stimulates to the researchers for developing better diagnostic and therapeutic agents complying with existing theranostic techniques. Nuclear medicine technique helps to visualize hard-to-diagnose deep-seated bacterial infections using radionuclide-labeled tracer agents. Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal antibiotic that serves as a preeminent anaerobic chemotherapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to develop technetium-99m-labeled metronidazole radiotracer for the detection of deep-seated bacterial infections. Radiosynthesis of ^99mTc-metronidazole was carried by reacting reduced technetium-99m and metronidazole at neutral pH for 30 min. The stannous chloride dihydrate was used as the reducing agent. At optimum radiolabeling conditions, ~ 94% radiochemical was obtained. Quality control analysis was carried out with a chromatographic paper and instant thin-layer chromatographic analysis. The biodistribution study of radiochemical was performed using Escherichia coli bacterial infection-induced rat model. The scintigraphic study was performed using E. coli bacterial infection-induced rabbit model. The results showed promising accumulation at the site of infection and its rapid clearance from the body. The tracer showed target-to-non-target ratio 5.57 ± 0.04 at 1 h post-injection. The results showed that ^99mTc-MNZ has promising potential to accumulate at E. coli bacterial infection that can be used for E. coli infection imaging.     

K562 cells: a source for embryonic globin chains.

A combination of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to devise a method for generating large quantities of embryonic as well as fetal globin chains. The identity of these globin chains was further confirmed by their tryptic peptide mapping. This technique could, therefore, provide a reliable source for these polypeptides for both analytical and immunological purposes. Moreover, the study of human hemoglobin switching, particularly embryonic to fetal, has been greatly hampered by the absence of a suitable model. K562 cells, due to their potential for differential induction of embryonic and fetal hemoglobin synthesis, can thus be used for this purpose and the various hemoglobins produced can then be effectively monitored using this method.     

Experimental study of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the Tl–Se–I system

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The phase equilibria in the ternary Tl–Se–I system have been investigated by means of differential thermal analysis, X-ray powder...     

Synthesis,characterization, antioxidant,antimicrobial and DNA binding properties of ruthenium(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes of Schiff base containing o-vanillin

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In this study, the complex combinations of Ru(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with Schiff base obtained through the condensation of (E)-methyl...