Reconnaissance of the specific surface of vapour grown carbon micro and nanofibres as a main controller of the sorption of hydrogen

The influence of the hydrogen content in several physical aspects of carbonaceous microfibres obtained from a mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas is examinated in this study. The hydrogen content is evaluated behalf a measurement of the fibres density. These changes of content depend on the manufacturing process and further treatments of the fibres. The surface energy is established after contact angle evaluation. There is not a clear relation between the surface energy and the porosity, which is a very relevant parameter in order to establish the hydrogen storage capacity of all materials.The fibres have been evaluated using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), which provides a map of the surface potential. These measurements suggest a relation between the surface potential and the hydrogen adsorbed in the surface of the fibres.     

Rotating incompressible flow with a pressure Neumann condition

This work considers the internal flow of an incompressible viscous fluid contained in a rectangular duct subject to a rotation. A direct velocity–pressure algorithm in primitive variables with a Neumann condition for the pressure is employed. The spatial discretization is made with finite central differences on a staggered grid. The pressure and velocity fields are directly updated without any iteration. Numerical simulations with several Reynolds numbers and rotation rates were performed for ducts of aspect ratios 2:1 and 8:1. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neutron spin quantum plasmas – Ferromagnetism as a relaxed state

It is shown that a ferromagnetic “minimum energy relaxed state” is accessible to a neutron fluid. We model the neutron fluid as a spin quantum plasma where the electromagnetic interaction is trough the magnetic moment of the neutron. The neutron ferromagnetism results from the macroscopic spin alignment that occurs due to a profound interplay between the classical and spin quantum vorticities carried by the charge-less neutron fluid. The simplest manifestation of a neutron superfluidity comes about by an exact cancellation of the quantum and classical vorticities to create a helicity free system.     

Two Versatile and Parallel Approaches to Highly Symmetrical Open and Closed Natural Product‐Based Structures

Two parallel approaches for preparing diverse and highly symmetrical homohybrids derived from a series of mono‐ and diterpenes, steroids, and alkaloids are reported. Both procedures are based on the mono‐addition of bis(alkynyl) dilithium reagents to natural products having a carbonyl group to produce the corresponding alkynyl derivatives. The Glaser–Hay Cu‐promoted homocoupling of these alkynyl natural product mono‐adducts as well as the Huisgen Cu‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction resulted in the synthesis of steroid‐, terpene‐, and alkaloid‐based homohybrid derivatives incorporating diverse spacers to join the natural product scaffolds. Straightforward entries to novel closed highly symmetrical and complex estrone‐based macrocyclic and cage architectures by means of the Glaser–Eglinton homocoupling and the CuAAC reaction have been devised.     

Thickness and temperature dependence of the dynamic magnetic behavior in disordered FePt films

We present in this work an investigation of the magnetic behavior of FePt films as a function of film thickness and thermal treatment. The films have been sputter-deposited on oxidized Si (1 0 0) crystals and are ferromagnetic at room temperature. Using ferromagnetic resonance techniques at 9.5 GHz we have studied a series of four films with a thickness in the range . The resonance spectra of these films were measured at and also above room temperature. The high temperature measurements produce irreversible changes in the samples which depend on the maximum temperature reached during the experiment. For relatively low measuring temperatures () the magnetic properties are generally improved, probably due to the release of stress formed during film fabrication. For larger temperatures () the absorption linewidth gradually broadens and the line could be hardly observed at room temperature if the measuring temperature exceeded . This behavior is due to the partial transformation of the metastable FCC phase to the ordered L1₀ high anisotropy phase. These data are consistent with the results found in samples annealed outside the resonant cavity.     

Spin damping correction to electrostatic modes in kinetic plasma theory

The effect of spin of particles is studied using a semi-classical kinetic theory for a magnetized plasma. No other quantum effects are included. We focus in the simple damping effects for the electrostatic wave modes. Besides Landau damping, we show that spin produces two new different effects of damping or instability which are proportional to ?. These corrections depend on the electromagnetic part of the wave that is coupled with the spin vector.     

Solitary wave solutions to nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics

This paper obtains solitons as well as other solutions to a few nonlinear evolution equations that appear in various areas of mathematical physics. The two analytical integrators that are applied to extract solutions are tan–cot method and functional variable approaches. The soliton solutions can be used in the further study of shallow water waves in (1+1) as well as (2+1) dimensions.     

Nanoporous alumina membrane prepared by nanoindentation and anodic oxidation

The fabrication of nanopatterned surfaces at large scale attracts the interest of research groups from a wide range of areas as biotechnology, nanoelectronics and nanomagnetism. An extended method to pattern the surface in the nanoscale is the fabrication of ordered arrays of nanoelements based on porous templates as Nanoporous Anodic Aluminium Oxide (NAAO). One of the challenges of the NAAO fabrication, based on self-organized methods, is the control of the symmetry and lattice parameter of the ordered nanoporous films. In this work, we present a combined method based on Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) nanoimprint and anodic oxidation of Al surface. AFM nanoindentations substitute the first anodization process and even more important, allow us to control the symmetry and the lattice parameter of the ordered arrays. In addition, by using AFM nanoimprint method it is possible to select the region were the ordered alumina grows. We demonstrate that square nanoporous arrays of alumina with lattice parameter of 105 nm can be obtained by this method.     

Mathematical correlations for predicting protein retention times in hydrophobic interaction chromatography

In our work we performed a combinatorial synthesis in aqueous medium to prepare peptide libraries from which we would select amino acid sequences with binding properties towards estrogens. We prepared an affinity solid-phase by using a tetrapeptide with good selectivity and affinity towards the estradiol (K> 10(4) M(-1)). Samples of estrogens in buffer, in tap water and in river water were applied to our column in which they were retained (k' > 116). These could only be eluted in a few millilitres of methanol mobile phase. In all cases there were quantitative recoveries. The pre-concentration studies were promising.