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41.
We introduce a technique for computing approximate
solutions to optimization problems. If $X$ is the set
of feasible solutions, the standard goal
of approximation algorithms is to compute $x\in X$ that is an
$\varepsilon$-approximate solution in the following sense:
$$d(x) \leq (1+\varepsilon)\, d(x^*),$$
where $x^* \in X$ is an optimal solution,
$d\colon\ X\rightarrow {\Bbb R}_{\geq 0}$ is
the optimization function to be minimized, and
$\varepsilon>0$ is an input parameter.
Our approach is first to devise algorithms that
compute pseudo $\varepsilon$-approximate solutions
satisfying the bound
$$d(x) \leq d(x_R^*) + \varepsilon R,$$
where $R>0$ is a new input parameter.
Here $x^*_R$ denotes an optimal solution in the space $X_R$ of
$R$-constrained feasible solutions. The parameter $R$ provides
a stratification of $X$ in the sense that (1) $X_R \subseteq X_{R}$ for
$R < R$ and (2) $X_R = X$ for $R$ sufficiently large.
We first describe a highly efficient scheme
for converting a pseudo $\varepsilon$-approximation
algorithm into a true $\varepsilon$-approximation algorithm.
This scheme is useful because
pseudo approximation algorithms seem to be
easier to construct than $\varepsilon$-approximation algorithms.
Another benefit is that our algorithm is
automatically precision-sensitive.
We apply our technique to two problems in robotics:
(A) Euclidean Shortest Path (3ESP), namely
the shortest path for a point robot amidst polyhedral obstacles in
three dimensions, and
(B) $d_1$-optimal motion for a rod moving amidst
planar obstacles (1ORM).
Previously, no polynomial time $\varepsilon$-approximation algorithm
for (B) was known. For (A), our new solution
is simpler than previous solutions and has
an exponentially smaller complexity in terms
of the input precision. 相似文献
42.
Drutskoy A Abe K Abe K Abe T Aihara H Akatsu M Asano Y Aulchenko V Aushev T Bakich AM Ban Y Bay A Bedny I Behera PK Bizjak I Bondar A Bozek A Bracko M Browder TE Casey BC Chao Y Cheon BG Chistov R Choi Y Chuvikov A Danilov M Dash M Dong LY Eidelman S Eiges V Gabyshev N Garmash A Gershon T Golob B Haba J Hagner C Handa F Hastings NC Hayashii H Hazumi M Hinz L Hokuue T Hoshi Y Hou WS Huang HC Igarashi Y Iijima T Inami K Ishikawa A Itoh R Iwasaki H Iwasaki M Iwasaki Y Jang HK Kang JH Kang JS 《Physical review letters》2004,92(5):051801
The radiative decay B-->phi K gamma is observed for the first time. The branching fraction for the charged B--->phi K- gamma decay mode is measured to be B(B--->phi K- gamma)=(3.4+/-0.9+/-0.4)x10(-6). The photon energy distribution for the B--->phi K- gamma decay is presented. The signal for the neutral B(0)-->phi K(0)gamma decay mode is not statistically significant and an upper limit, B(B(0)-->phi K(0)gamma)<8.3x10(-6) at 90% C.L., is set. The analysis is based on a data set of 90 fb(-1) collected by the Belle experiment at the e(+)e(-) asymmetric collider KEKB. 相似文献
43.
Fang F Hojo T Abe K Abe K Abe T Adachi I Aihara H Akatsu M Asano Y Aso T Aulchenko V Bakich AM Ban Y Banas E Bay A Behera PK Bizjak I Bondar A Bozek A Bracko M Brodzicka J Browder TE Casey BC Chang P Chao Y Chen KF Cheon BG Chistov R Choi SK Choi Y Choi YK Danilov M Drutskoy A Eidelman S Eiges V Enari Y Fukunaga C Gabyshev N Garmash A Gershon T Golob B Hara T Hastings NC Hayashii H Hazumi M Heenan EM Higuchi T Hinz L Hokuue T Hoshi Y Hou WS Huang HC Igaki T Igarashi Y Iijima T Inami K 《Physical review letters》2003,90(7):071801
We report measurements of branching fractions for charged and neutral B-->eta(c)K decays where the eta(c) meson is reconstructed in the K(0)(S)K+/-pi(-/+), K+K-pi(0), K(*0)K-pi(+), and pp; decay channels. The neutral B0 channel is a CP eigenstate and can be used to measure the CP violation parameter sin(2phi(1). We also report the first observation of the B0-->eta(c)K(*0) mode. The results are based on an analysis of 29.1 fb(-1) of data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. 相似文献
44.
Zegers RG Sumihama M Ahn DS Ahn JK Akimune H Asano Y Chang WC Daté S Ejiri H Fujimura H Fujiwara M Hicks K Hotta T Imai K Ishikawa T Iwata T Kawai H Kim ZY Kino K Kohri H Kumagai N Makino S Matsumura T Matsuoka N Mibe T Miwa K Miyabe M Miyachi Y Morita M Muramatsu N Nakano T Niiyama M Nomachi M Ohashi Y Ooba T Ohkuma H Oshuev DS Rangacharyulu C Sakaguchi A Sasaki T Shagin PM Shiino Y Shimizu H Sugaya Y Toyokawa H Wakai A Wang CW Wang SC Yonehara K Yorita T Yoshimura M Yosoi M 《Physical review letters》2003,91(9):092001
Beam polarization asymmetries for the p(gamma-->,K+)Lambda and p(gamma-->,K+)Sigma(0) reactions are measured for the first time for E(gamma)=1.5-2.4 GeV and 0.6相似文献
45.
46.
Asano T Nojiri H Inagaki Y Boucher JP Sakon T Ajiro Y Motokawa M 《Physical review letters》2000,84(25):5880-5883
A "breather excitation" is observed directly by electron spin resonance in the quantum spin chain Cu benzoate, in which an unexpected field-induced gap has recently been found. The nonlinear field dependence of the resonance field agrees well with the formula based on a quantum sine-Gordon model. The power-law temperature dependence of the linewidth is observed in the gapless spinon regime while the width decreases exponentially for the gapped breather regime. In the intermediate range, a distinct anomaly is found, which is the manifestation of "the spinon-breather dynamical crossover." 相似文献
47.
Shimizu A Hirao Y Matsumoto K Kurata H Kubo T Uruichi M Yakushi K 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2012,48(45):5629-5631
An anthracene-linked bisphenalenyl Kekulé molecule with very significant singlet biradical character has shown a prominent covalent bonding interaction between molecules in a molecular aggregate. High aromatic stabilization energy in the anthracene linker is responsible for the significant singlet biradical character. 相似文献
48.
Y. Takamura S. Nakagawa K. Suzuki K. Takahashi H. Asano G. Sugihara M. Ueno 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》1996,7(5-6):239-247
The behavior of sodium glycochenodeoxycholate (NaGCDC) and sodium glycoursodeoxycholate (NaGUDC) in binary mixed micelles consisting of bile salt and octaoxyethylene glycol mono n-decyl ether (C10E8) has been studied on the basis of micellar compositions, polarities of the interior of intramicelles, mean aggregation numbers and 1H NMR measurements. Micellar compositions for both NaGCDC---C10E8 and NaGUDC---C10E8 systems showed a tendency to change from C10E8-rich micelles to bile-salt-rich micelles with an increase on the mole fraction of bile salts from the results of both theoretical calculations using the critical micelle concentration and the micellar polarity. The microenvironment of intramicelles for the NaGCDC---C10E8 system was found to be more hydrophobic than that for the NaGUDC---C10E8 system. Mean aggregation numbers of mixed micelles for both systems decreased abruptly with an increase in the mole fraction of bile salts in the range of low mole fraction, but those for NaGCDC were larger than those for NaGUDC. Furthermore, from the results of 1H NMR measurements, the motions of the methyl group protons in the 18 position of the molecular structure of NaGCDC were slightly restricted with an increase in the mole fraction of NaGCDC. In contrast, the methyl group protons in the 18 and 19 positions of the molecular structure of NaGUDC became freer with an increase in the mole fraction of NaGUDC. 相似文献
49.
[structure:see text] The marine natural product hennoxazole A was synthesized by a convergent approach. The diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction with beta-alkoxy aldehyde was used to construct the tetrahydropyran segment, and the preparation of the nonconjugated triene moiety was accomplished via S(N)2 displacement of allylic bromide with vinyllithium and Takai's iodoolefination followed by palladium-catalyzed cross coupling with MeMgBr. The final steps involve an amide coupling using DEPC and oxazole synthesis via a oxidation/cyclodehydration process. 相似文献
50.
Organotrichlorogermanes were synthesized by the reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chlorides, methyl, propyl, isopropyl and allyl chlorides. Dichlorogermylene formed by the reaction of elemental germanium with tetrachlorogermane was the reaction intermediate, which was inserted into the carbon-chlorine bond of the organic chloride to give organotrichlorogermane. When isopropyl or allyl chloride was used as an organic chloride, organotrichlorogermane was formed also in the absence of tetrachlorogermane. These chlorides were converted to hydrogen chloride, which subsequently reacted with elemental germanium to give the dichlorogermylene intermediate. The reaction of elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane and organic chlorides provides a simple and easy method for synthesizing organotrichlorogermanes, and all the raw materials are easily available. 相似文献