A qualitative mathematical analysis of a class of linear variational inequalities via semi-complementarity problems: applications in electronics

The main object of this paper is to present a general mathematical theory applicable to the study of a large class of linear variational inequalities arising in electronics. Our approach uses recession tools so as to define a new class of problems that we call “semi-complementarity problems”. Then we show that the study of semi-complementarity problems can be used to prove new qualitative results applicable to the study of linear variational inequalities of the second kind.     

Asymptotic Bound on the Characteristic Function of Signed Linear Serial Rank Statistics

This work establishes an asymptotic bound on the characteristic function of signed linear serial rank statistics. The result is obtained under rather general conditions including the important case of van der Waerden scores. It generalizes the result of Seoh (1983, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Mathematics, Indiana University) and constitutes an essential step to the elaboration of Berry-Esséen's bounds and the establishment of Edgeworth expansions. These statistics constitute a natural tool for testing the hypothesis of white noise with a symmetrical (unspecified) distribution in comparison to other alternative hypothesis of serial dependence.     

Ultrafast experiments on intermolecular electron transfer in the benzene - bromine atom charge transfer complex

Ultrafast pump - probe measurements have been made on the benzene - bromine atom charge transfer (CT) complex in CCl₄ and cyclohexane solutions. Ultrafast optical excitation of the CT band of the complex yields an ion pair, which is comprised of a benzene cation and a bromide anion. The rate of charge recombination between the bromide and the benzene cation in the ion pair has been observed to be much faster than the rate of diffusion apart. The charge recombination rate is accelerated at high benzene concentrations as a result of the formation of a benzene dimer cation - bromide ion pair which undergoes much faster charge recombination than the benzene cation - bromide ion pair.     

On the structure ofn-point sets

Letn be an integer greater than one. Our main result, called the “Structure Theorem” is that a set that containsn−1 disjoint continua that are cut by a single line cannot be ann-point set, that is, a set that meets every line in preciselyn points. This theorem unifies and significantly improves upon a number of known theorems. The second part of the paper is devoted to several theorems that address the question when a set that meets every line in at mostn points can be extended to ann-point set. These theorems also highlight the sharpness of the Structure Theorem.     

A magnetic study of the ThCr2Si2-type RPd2Ge2 (R=Pr, Nd) compounds. Magnetic structure of PrPd2Ge2 from powder neutron diffraction

The magnetic properties of the PrPd₂Ge₂ and NdPd₂Ge₂ compounds have been investigated by magnetic measurements, specific heat measurements and neutron diffraction experiments. The PrPd₂Ge₂ compound orders antiferromagnetically below T_N=5.0(2) with an original modulated magnetic structure characterized by a magnetic cell three times larger than the chemical one by tripling of the c parameter. The palladium atom is non magnetic and the Pr moments are parallel to the c-axis with a value of ≈2.0 μ_B at 2 K. The specific heat measurements clearly detect a low temperature transition for the NdPd₂Ge₂ compound, interpreted as a Nd sublattice antiferromagnetic ordering below 1.3(2) K.     

An Accurate In Vitro Model of the E. coli Envelope

Gram‐negative bacteria are an increasingly serious source of antibiotic‐resistant infections, partly owing to their characteristic protective envelope. This complex, 20 nm thick barrier includes a highly impermeable, asymmetric bilayer outer membrane (OM), which plays a pivotal role in resisting antibacterial chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the OM molecular structure and its dynamics are poorly understood because the structure is difficult to recreate or study in vitro. The successful formation and characterization of a fully asymmetric model envelope using Langmuir–Blodgett and Langmuir–Schaefer methods is now reported. Neutron reflectivity and isotopic labeling confirmed the expected structure and asymmetry and showed that experiments with antibacterial proteins reproduced published in vivo behavior. By closely recreating natural OM behavior, this model provides a much needed robust system for antibiotic development.     

Identification,control strategies,and analytical approaches for the determination of potential genotoxic impurities in pharmaceuticals: A comprehensive review

Potential genotoxic impurities in pharmaceuticals at trace levels are of increasing concern to both pharmaceutical industries and regulatory agencies due to their possibility for human carcinogenesis. Molecular functional groups that render starting materials and synthetic intermediates as reactive building blocks for small molecules may also be responsible for their genotoxicity. Determination of these genotoxic impurities at trace levels requires highly sensitive and selective analytical methodologies, which poses tremendous challenges on analytical communities in pharmaceutical research and development. Experimental guidance for the analytical determination of some important classes of genotoxic impurities is still unavailable in the literature. Therefore, the present review explores the structural alerts of commonly encountered potential genotoxic impurities, draft guidance of various regulatory authorities in order to control the level of impurities in drug substances and to assess their toxicity. This review also describes the analytical considerations for the determination of potential genotoxic impurities at trace levels and finally few case studies are also discussed for the determination of some important classes of potential genotoxic impurities. It is the authors’ intention to provide a complete strategy that helps analytical scientists for the analysis of such potential genotoxic impurities in pharmaceuticals.     

Synthesis,Spectroscopy, Semi‐empirical and Biological Activities of Organotin(IV) Complexes with o‐Isopropyl Carbonodithioic Acid

New organotin(IV) complexes have been synthesized by treating potassium o‐isopropyl carbonodithioate with R₂SnCl₂/R₃SnCl in 1 : 2/1 : 1 M/L ratio. All complexes have been characterized by IR and NMR (¹H, ¹³C) spectroscopy. IR results shows that ligand acts as bidentate which is also confirmed by semi‐empirical study. NMR data reveals four coordinated geometry in solution. Computed positive heat of formation shows that complex 5 is thermodynamically unstable. UV/visible spectroscopy was used to assess the mode of interaction and binding of the complexes with DNA which shows that complex 5 exhibits higher binding constant as compared to complex 3 . In protein kinase inhibition assay, compound 3 was found most active, while other biological activities shows that triorganotin(IV) complexes are biologically more active as compared to diorganotin(IV) complexes.