Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is emerging as a broadly effective means for identification, characterization, and quantification of proteins that are integral components of the processes essential for life. Characterization of proteins at the proteome and sub-proteome (e.g., the phosphoproteome, proteoglycome, or degradome/peptidome) levels provides a foundation for understanding fundamental aspects of biology. Emerging technologies such as ion mobility separations coupled with MS and microchip-based-proteome measurements combined with MS instrumentation and chromatographic separation techniques, such as nanoscale reversed phase liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, show great promise for both broad undirected and targeted highly sensitive measurements. MS-based proteomics increasingly contribute to our understanding of the dynamics, interactions, and roles that proteins and peptides play, advancing our understanding of biology on a systems wide level for a wide range of applications including investigations of microbial communities, bioremediation, and human health. 相似文献
0 IntroductionThe group of norm-1 ideles A1 over a global field lt acts by 1111lltip1ication on t11e additivegroup of adeIes A. Let G = A1 be A be tl1eir semidirect product. Let r be its arithnletic sub-group kx oc k. For the case k = Q Dorian Goldfeld gavc ill [2] a Schwartz kernel on r\G whosegeometrical trace equals the prime 11un1ber side of the explicit fOr1llulas of A. Weil. A spectralillterpretatiou in the seuse of the Selberg trace formula is cal1ed for. In order that a geolllet… 相似文献
Breast screening acceptability is dependent on sensitivity and recall rate. We aimed to establish the recall rate for MRI and mammography, separately and together, when screening a cohort of women at high genetic risk. Women aged 35-49 years in the MARIBS study form the cohort. We analysed the recall rate, the number of extra tests and their effectiveness. Wilcoxon Rank test was used to estimate the effect of age and logistic regression with robust variance the effect of mammographic density on recall rates. The first 726 screening studies took place in 415 women. Following 86 of these recall occurred, comprising 140 additional investigations. 28 of the cases were resolved without further MRI, and 18 women had more than 2 additional tests. Neither age nor mammographic density was associated with recall. MRI had a recall of rate of 10.19%, and mammography 4.00%. The two techniques largely recalled different cases and 10 cases only (11.62% of those recalled) were abnormal by both tests. The two together had a recall rate of 11.85%. Recall rates varied widely between centres of the study. Breast MRI in asymptomatic high-risk women age 35-49 years largely recalls different women from mammography. The combined figure of approximately 12% may be acceptable for screening and will be useful for planning similar studies. 相似文献
In the Fermi Lectures on the obstacle problem in 1998, Caffarelli gave a proof of the mean value theorem which extends to general divergence form uniformly elliptic operators. In the general setting, the result shows that for any such operator L and at any point x0 in the domain, there exists a nested family of sets {Dr(x0)} where the average over any of those sets is related to the value of the function at x0. Although it is known that the {Dr(x0)} are nested and are comparable to balls in the sense that there exists c,C depending only on L such that Bcr(x0) ? Dr(x0) ? BCr(x0) for all r >?0 and x0 in the domain, otherwise their geometric and topological properties are largely unknown. In this paper we begin the study of these topics and we prove a few results about the geometry of these sets and give a couple of applications of the theorems.
We show that the isomorphism problem is solvable in the class of central extensions of word-hyperbolic groups,and that the isomorphism problem for biautomatic groups reduces to that for biautomatic groups with finite centre.We describe an algorithm that,given an arbitrary finite presentation of an automatic group Γ,will construct explicit finite models for the skeleta of K(Γ,1) and hence compute the integral homology and cohomology of Γ. 相似文献
Cellulose - Pulp, paper, and related industries consume large amount of commercial alkali to process raw fiber and/or recycle waste. A low-cost alternative to commercial alkali would be useful to... 相似文献
We are concerned with the derivation and analysis of one-dimensional hyperbolic systems of conservation laws modelling fluid flows such as the blood flow through compliant axisymmetric vessels.Early models derived are nonconservative and/or nonhomogeneous with measure source terms,which are endowed with infinitely many Riemann solutions for some Riemann data.In this paper,we derive a one-dimensional hyperbolic system that is conservative and homogeneous.Moreover,there exists a unique global Riemann solution for the Riemann problem for two vessels with arbitrarily large Riemann data,under a natural stability entropy criterion.The Riemann solutions may consist of four waves for some cases.The system can also be written as a 3×3 system for which strict hyperbolicity fails and the standing waves can be regarded as the contact discontinuities corresponding to the second family with zero eigenvalue. 相似文献
This paper deals with the understanding at a first-principles level of the nuclear quadrupole interaction (NQI) parameters of solid chlorine, bromine and iodine as well as the intermolecular binding of these molecules in the solid. The electronic structure investigations that we have carried out to study these properties of the solid halogens are based on the Hartree–Fock Cluster approach using the Roothaan variational procedure with electron correlation effects included using many-body perturbation theory with the empty orbitals used in the perturbation theory investigations for the excited states. The results of our investigations provide good agreement with the measured NQI parameters primarily from the Hartree–Fock one electron wave-functions with many-body effects making minor contributions. The binding (dissociation) energies for the molecules with the solid state environment on the other hand arises from intermolecular many body effects identified as the Van der Waals attraction with one-electron Hartree–Fock contribution being repulsive in nature. 相似文献
This study examined the gelatin nano gold (GnG) composite for surface modification of titanium in addition to insure biocompatibility on dental implants or biomaterials. The GnG composite was constructed by gelatin and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate in presence of reducing agent, sodium borohydrate (NabH4). The GnG composite was confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A dipping method was used to modify the titanium surface by GnG composite. Surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The MC-3T3 E1 cell viability was assessed by trypan blue and the expression of proteins to biocompatibility were analyzed by Western blotting. The GnG composite showed well dispersed character, the strong absorption at 530 nm, roughness, regular crystal and clear C, Na, Cl, P, and Au signals onto titanium. Further, this composite allowed MC-3T3 E1 growth and viability compared to gelatin and pure titanium. It induced ERK activation and the expression of cell adherent molecules, FAK and SPARC, and growth factor, VEGF. However, GnG decreased the level of SAPK/JNK. This shows that GnG composite coated titanium surfaces have a good biocompatibility for osteoblast growth and attachment than in intact by simple and versatile dipping method. Furthermore, it offers good communication between cell and implant surfaces by regulating cell signaling and adherent molecules, which are useful to enhance the biocompatibility of titanium surfaces. 相似文献