Kertész line in the three-dimensional compact U(1) lattice Higgs model

The three-dimensional lattice Higgs model with compact U(1) gauge symmetry and unit charge is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The full model with fluctuating Higgs amplitude is simulated, and both energy as well as topological observables are measured. The data show a Higgs and a confined phase separated by a well-defined phase boundary, which is argued to be caused by proliferating vortices. For fixed gauge coupling, the phase boundary consists of a line of first-order phase transitions at small Higgs self-coupling, ending at a critical point. The phase boundary then continues as a Kertész line across which thermodynamic quantities are non-singular. Symmetry arguments are given to support these findings.     

Beneficial effects of fluorine in the anti-progestin ZK 230211

A novel, highly potent progesterone receptor antagonist, ZK 230211, has been identified. Introduction of a 17α-pentafluoroethyl side chain into the D-ring of the steroidal skeleton resulted in a compound that combines a pure anti-progestagenic endocrinological profile with high potency. Additions of perfluoroalkyl groups to steroidal 17-ketones following modified Prakash and Gassman protocols are described.